Stupa, Shtupa, 厂迟奴辫补: 23 definitions
Introduction:
Stupa means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, the history of ancient India, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
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In Hinduism
Vastushastra (architecture)
: Knowledge Traditions & Practices of India: Architecture (1): Early and Classical Architecture厂迟奴辫补 (啶膏啶む啶�, 鈥渞elic mounds鈥�) are a type of constructed temples dating back to the time of Buddha (6th century BCE). Originally the 蝉迟奴辫补蝉 were made of bricks and surrounded by a wooden railing, then were enlarged and elaborated over centuries to magnificent complexes during the period of different empires and dynasties鈥擬aurya empire, 艢u峁単a dynasty, Andhra period and Ku峁Ｄ佱箛 period.
Vastushastra (啶掂ぞ啶膏啶む啶多ぞ啶膏啶む啶�, v膩stu艣膩stra) refers to the ancient Indian science (shastra) of architecture (vastu), dealing with topics such architecture, sculpture, town-building, fort building and various other constructions. Vastu also deals with the philosophy of the architectural relation with the cosmic universe.
General definition (in Hinduism)
: archive.org: Vedic index of Names and Subjects1) Stupa (啶膏啶む啶�) means 鈥榯uft of hair鈥� in the 痴腻箩补蝉补苍别测颈-蝉补峁僪颈迟腻 and the 艢补迟补辫补迟丑补-产谤腻丑尘补峁嘺 (i. 3, 3, 5; iii. 5, 3, 4). See Stuk膩.
2) 厂迟奴辫补 (啶膏啶む啶�) in the Rigveda and later denotes the 鈥榯op-knot鈥� of hair as designating the upper part of the head.
In Buddhism
Theravada (major branch of Buddhism)
: Access to Insight: A Glossary of Pali and Buddhist TermsOriginally, a tumulus or burial mound enshrining relics of a holy person - such as the Buddha - or objects associated with his life. Over the centuries this has developed into the tall, spired monuments familiar in temples in Thailand, Sri Lanka, and Burma; and into the pagodas of China, Korea, and Japan.Therav膩da is a major branch of Buddhism having the the Pali canon (tipitaka) as their canonical literature, which includes the vinaya-pitaka (monastic rules), the sutta-pitaka (Buddhist sermons) and the abhidhamma-pitaka (philosophy and psychology).
Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)
: Google Books: The Crystal Mirror of Philosophical SystemsStupas (symbolizing the Buddha鈥檚 body) refers to one of the 鈥�Three Supports鈥� which are known in Tibetan as rten gsum.鈥擜ccordingly, [while describing the history of philosophical systems in Mongolia], [regarding Godan and Kublai鈥檚 era]: Later on, during the reign of King Mongk茅 (1209鈥�59), Karma Pakshi and others arrived. [...] The king, having obtained from India many examples of the three supports [e.g., Stupas (symbolizing the Buddha鈥檚 body)], such as Buddha relics and so forth, had temples built, established monasteries, and so spread the teaching.
: archive.org: The Indian Buddhist Iconography厂迟奴辫补 (啶膏啶む啶�) represents the 鈥渢he embodiment of the Buddhist Universe鈥�, according to Vajray膩na or Tibetan Buddhism.鈥擝esides the sacred symbols connected with Buddha鈥檚 life and teachings, worship was offered by the Buddhists to numerous other objects. One of the most important among these objects is the 厂迟奴辫补 which is regarded as the embodiment of the Buddhist Universe with all the heavens as conceived in Buddhism. The 蝉迟奴辫补蝉 received worship even in the life-time of the Buddha and continued throughout the centuries after his M膩haparinirv膩峁嘺. Such 蝉迟奴辫补蝉 are found in abundance in the Buddhist countries.
A few celebrated 蝉迟奴辫补蝉 in Nepal are [...] the 厂迟奴辫补s of the Svayambh奴n膩tha (vulgo-艢imbhu), the Bodhn膩th and Ka峁環e 艢imbhu. Besides the 厂迟奴辫补s, the Three Jewels of Buddhism, known by the names of the Buddha, Dharma and Sa峁単ha were conceived in the form of deities and worship was freely offered to them by the Buddhists in both symbolic and human forms. [...] Out of the three,one Dharma is a goddess.
Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha鈥檚 words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (惫补箩谤补测腻苍补) are collected indepently.
General definition (in Buddhism)
Source: Wisdom Library: BuddhismStupa:鈥擜 container that holds the ashes of some highly realized being.
: Buddhist Door: GlossarySanskrit word means burial mound, which contains the ashes or relics of an enlightened being. In China, it appears as pagoda, representing the place where Buddha "lives".: WikiPedia: BuddhismA stupa (stupa, literally meaning "heap") is a mound like structure containing Buddhist relics, once thought to be places of Buddhist worship, typically the remains of a Buddha or saint. In other Asian languages such monuments are called.
- chorten (Tibetan, "dharma place/seat")
- chedi (Thai, from the Pali chaitya)
- dagobah (Sinhalese, from the Sanskrit dhatu)
- tope (Hindi, from the Sanskrit)
- garbha (Sanskrit, meaning a storehouse or repository)
After "stupa", "chorten" is the most commonly encountered English term. The term "reliquary" is sometimes used, after a Roman Catholic functional equivalent.
: Shambala Publications: General厂迟奴辫补 Skt. (Pali, th奴pa; Sinh., dagoba; Tib., ch枚ten), lit., 鈥渉air knot鈥�; characteristic expression of Buddhist architecture, one of the main symbols of Buddhism and a focal point in temples and monasteries.
Originally 蝉迟奴辫补蝉 were memorial monuments over the mortal remains of the historical Buddha and other saints. They also served, however, as symbolic reminders of various decisive events in the life of Sh膩kyamuni Buddha. Thus 蝉迟奴辫补蝉 were built at Lumbin墨, Bodh-gay膩, Kushinagara, S膩rn膩th, and so on. At the latest by the time of King Ashoka (3d century BCE) the veneration of saints had become a general custom; the 蝉迟奴辫补蝉 from his time are still preserved.
Not every 蝉迟奴辫补 contains relics in the proper sense; in their place sacred texts and representations are also enshrined, which confer their sacredness on the 蝉迟奴辫补. 厂迟奴辫补s are often purely symbolic structures; examples are Borobudur and the three-dimensional mandalas of Tibet.
The veneration of 蝉迟奴辫补蝉, in which the Buddha is 鈥減resent,鈥� has been known since the early period of Buddhism. Such veneration is usually expressed by circumambulating the 蝉迟奴辫补 in the direction of the sun鈥檚 course but also through other forms of worship (p奴j膩). It is not, however, the relics themselves that are venerated; rather the 蝉迟奴辫补 serves as a support for meditation and as a symbolic reminder of the awakened state of mind.
India history and geography
: Wikipedia: India HistoryStupa, also called dagoba and cetiya, is considered an outstanding type of architectural creation of ancient Sri Lanka. Under the influence of Buddhism, there were several changes in the field of architecture in Sri Lanka. The stupa commands a prominent place among these changes. The Stupa is also known by synonymous names such as chaithya, dagaba, thupa, seya and vehera. Stupas designed and constructed in Sri Lanka are the largest brick structures known to the pre-modern world.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Indian Epigraphical Glossary厂迟奴辫补.鈥�(CII 3; BL; LL), technical name of a type of Buddhist monument; a Buddhist structure enshrining relics. Sometimes the term ratna-g峁沨a (i. e. the house enshrining the three ratnas or the best amongst the three) seems to be used to denote a 蝉迟奴辫补. (EI 2), a Jain religious establishment. (SITI), pinnacle of a temple. Note: 蝉迟奴辫补 is defined in the 鈥淚ndian epigraphical glossary鈥� as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Languages of India and abroad
Sanskrit dictionary
: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary厂迟奴辫补 (啶膏啶む啶�).鈥�
1) A heap, pile, mound (of earth &c.); 啶啷佮き啶苦ぐ啷佮お啶灌啶むぞ啶ㄠぞ啶� 啶ぐ啷嵿す啶苦し啶距 啶膏啶む啶ぎ啷囙い啶む (ba峁璾bhirupah峁泃膩n膩峁� barhi峁Ｄ佱箖 蝉迟奴辫补metat) Mu.3.15.
2) A Buddhistic monument, or kind of Tope erected for keeping sacred relics, as those of Buddha.
3) A funeral pile.
4) Strength, power.
Derivable forms: 蝉迟奴辫补岣� (啶膏啶む啶).
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary厂迟奴辫补 (啶膏啶む啶�).鈥�m. (1) (rarely nt.; = Pali th奴pa, AMg. th奴bha, rarely th奴va; Sanskrit Lex., in lit. only Buddh. and Jain), relic-mound, tope: 惭补丑腻惫测耻迟辫补迟迟颈 6999; 厂补诲诲丑补谤尘补辫耻峁囜笉补谤墨办补 239.1 ff.; 惭补丑腻惫补蝉迟耻 ii.287.3; 363.16; 础惫补诲腻苍补-艣补迟补办补 i.119.7; 掳pa-bimb膩ni 碍腻谤补峁囜笉补惫惫奴丑补 13.11; 36.19; 掳pa- bhedanam 惭补丑腻惫测耻迟辫补迟迟颈 2334, one of the up膩nantar墨ya, q.v.; 掳pa-bhedaka 碍腻谤补峁囜笉补惫惫奴丑补 94.23; common everywhere; as nt., 蝉迟奴辫补峁� k膩rita峁� (n. sg.) 惭补丑腻惫补蝉迟耻 i.61.1; (2) (Pali, see next but one) turret or pinnacle of a building, in pr膩k膩rapari- kh膩dv膩ra-蝉迟奴辫膩bhinig奴岣峢a岣� 础惫补诲腻苍补-艣补迟补办补 ii.115.8, see Speyer's note.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary厂迟奴辫补 (啶膏啶む啶�).鈥攎.
(-辫补岣�) 1. A heap, a pile of earth, &c. 2. A funeral pile. 3. A Bud'dhistic construction for keeping holy relics. E. 峁ａ弓奴辫 to heap, aff. ac; or 峁ａ弓耻 to praise, pak Unadi aff., and the vowel made long.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary厂迟奴辫补 (啶膏啶む啶�).鈥攎. 1. A heap, a pile, a Bauddha construction for keeping holy relics. 2. A funeral pile.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryStupa (啶膏啶む啶�).鈥擺masculine] tuft of hair, top-knot.
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厂迟奴辫补 (啶膏啶む啶�).鈥擺masculine] top, [especially] of the head, tuft of hair; heap or pile of earth, a Buddhist tomb.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Stupa (啶膏啶む啶�):鈥擺from stu] m. (cf. 蝉迟奴辫补) a knot or tuft of hair etc. (See 蝉迟耻办腻), [痴腻箩补蝉补苍别测颈-蝉补峁僪颈迟腻; 艢补迟补辫补迟丑补-产谤腻丑尘补峁嘺]
2) 厂迟奴辫补 (啶膏啶む啶�):鈥擺from stu] a etc. See p. 1260, col. 1.
3) [from 蝉迟奴辫] b m. ([according to] to [S膩ya峁嘺] [from] 鈭�styai [according to] to [U峁嚹乨i-s奴tra] [from] 鈭�3. stu; [probably] connected with stupa, under 鈭�3. stu) a knot or tuft of hair, the upper part of the head, crest, top, summit (cf. [Greek] 蟽蟿蠉蟺慰蟼), [峁歡-veda; Taittir墨ya-sa峁僪it膩]
4) [v.s. ...] [Pa帽cavi峁兣沘-br膩hma峁嘺]
5) [v.s. ...] a heap or pile of earth or bricks etc., ([especially]) a Buddhist monument, dagoba (generally of a pyramidal or dome-like form and erected over sacred relics of the great Buddha or on spots consecrated as the scenes of his acts), [Monier-Williams鈥� Buddhism 504]
6) [v.s. ...] any relic-shrine or relic-casket (made of various materials, such as terra cotta, clay, elaborately formed brick or carved stone; often very small and portable, and enclosing a fragment of bone or a hair etc. of some saint or deceased relative, or inscribed with a sacred formula; these are carried long distances and deposited in hallowed spots such as Buddha-Gay膩), [Monier-Williams鈥� Buddhism 397, 504]
7) [v.s. ...] any heap, pile, mound, tope, [Hem膩dri鈥檚 Caturvarga-cint膩ma峁噄]
8) [v.s. ...] the main beam (of a house), [膧pastamba-g峁沨ya-s奴tra]
9) [v.s. ...] ([cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasi峁僪a, hal膩yudha, hemacandra, etc..also], 鈥榳ind; fight; = 办奴濒补; = bala; = 苍颈峁谤补测辞箩补苍补鈥�).
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) 峁⑨弓奴辫补 (啶粪啶熰啶�):鈥�(ka) 蝉迟奴辫补yati 10. a. To heap together.
2) 厂迟奴辫补 (啶膏啶む啶�):鈥�(辫补岣�) 1. m. A heap, a pile of earth.
: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)厂迟奴辫补 (啶膏啶む啶�) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: 罢丑奴产丑补.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled 啶膏啶膏啶曕啶むぎ啷� (蝉补峁僺办峁泃补尘), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionary厂迟奴辫补 (啶膏啶む啶�) [Also spelled stup]:鈥�(nm) a (Buddhistic) monument (generally of a pyramidal or dome-like form and erected over the sacred relics of the Buddha or on spots consecrated as the scenes of his acts).
...
Kannada-English dictionary
: Alar: Kannada-English corpus厂迟奴辫补 (嗖膏硩嗖む硞嗖�):鈥�
1) [noun] a mound; a hillock.
2) [noun] a pile of wood on which a dead body is burned; pyre.
3) [noun] the state or quality of being strong; strength.
4) [noun] a heap of things; a pile.
5) [noun] the forehead of a horse.
6) [noun] a dome-shaped Buddhist shrine.
7) [noun] (budh.) a tomb in the form of a mound raised where a dead body is burried.
8) [noun] a shrine where the relics of a Buddhist monk are preserved.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
: unoes: Nepali-English Dictionary厂迟奴辫补 (啶膏啶む啶�):鈥攏. a Buddhistic monument; a tope (or stupa) erected for keeping sacred relics;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with: Stupabhedaka, Stupabhedana, Stupabimba, Stupak, Stupaka, Stupam, Stupamandala, Stupaprasada, Stupaprishtha, Stupashriya, Stupavihara.
Full-text (+315): Arushastupa, Dronastupa, Nivartanastupa, Mahastupa, Hiranyastupa, Dharmarajika, Pilusarastupa, Stupaprishtha, Stupam, Stupamandala, Dhatustupa, Staupika, Samstupa, Hairanyastupa, Dharmasharira, Buddhadravya, Harmika, Caitya, Baluka-stupa, Stup.
Relevant text
Search found 134 books and stories containing Stupa, Shtupa, 厂迟奴辫补, 峁⑨弓奴辫补; (plurals include: Stupas, Shtupas, 厂迟奴辫补s, 峁⑨弓奴辫补s). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Rig Veda (translation and commentary) (by H. H. Wilson)
Vastu-shastra (Introduction to Indian architecture) (by D. N. Shukla)
厂迟奴辫补s (Shrines for Devotion) < [Chapter 12 - History of Hindu Temples (Pr膩s膩das and Vim膩nas)]
Temple architecture in Burma < [Chapter 12 - History of Hindu Temples (Pr膩s膩das and Vim膩nas)]
(vi) Rise of Art < [Chapter 4 - An outline History of Hindu Architecture]
Amaravati Art in the Context of Andhra Archaeology (by Sreyashi Ray chowdhuri)
Lower K峁涐梗峁嚹� Valley (3): Jaggayyape峁璦 < [Chapter 2 - Amar膩vat墨 and other Archaeological Sites of Ancient Andhra Pradesh]
The early phase of Amar膩vat墨 art (2nd-1st century BCE) < [Chapter 5 - Impact of Amar膩vat墨 Art]
Lower K峁涐梗峁嚹� Valley (4): Gha峁囜弓a艣膩l膩 < [Chapter 2 - Amar膩vat墨 and other Archaeological Sites of Ancient Andhra Pradesh]
Buddhist Sutra literature (study) (by Gopika G)
Part 1.3 - 厂迟奴辫补 worship mentioned in 厂补诲诲丑补谤尘补辫耻峁囜笉补谤墨办补 S奴tra < [Chapter 4 - Buddhist culture of worship in 厂补诲诲丑补谤尘补辫耻峁囜笉补谤墨办补 S奴tra]
Part 1.2 - Types of 厂迟奴辫补s < [Chapter 4 - Buddhist culture of worship in 厂补诲诲丑补谤尘补辫耻峁囜笉补谤墨办补 S奴tra]
Sri Lanka at the Crossroads of History (by Zolt谩n Biedermann)
Patronage and ancient Sri Lanka < [Chapter 1 - Archaeology and cosmopolitanism in Sri Lanka]
The Theravada cosmopolis in the 11th鈥�13th centuries < [Chapter 3 - Sri Lanka and the Theravada Buddhist ecumene]
Pilgrimage and ancient Sri Lanka < [Chapter 1 - Archaeology and cosmopolitanism in Sri Lanka]
Stupas in Orissa (Study) (by Meenakshi Chauley)
Stupas at the Upper Indus Valley region < [Chapter 3]
Symbolism of the Stupa < [Chapter 3]
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