Civara, 颁墨惫补谤补: 28 definitions
Introduction:
Civara means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
Alternative spellings of this word include Chivara.
In Hinduism
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
: archive.org: Nilamata Purana: a cultural and literary study颁墨惫补谤补 (啶氞啶掂ぐ) refers to a 鈥渕onk鈥檚 robe鈥� once commonly worn and made by craftsmen in ancient Kashmir (Ka艣m墨ra) as mentioned in the N墨lamatapur膩峁嘺.鈥擳he word 鈥�肠墨惫补谤补鈥�, which occurs often in Buddhist literature for a monk鈥檚 robe, is used in this sense in the N墨lamata. Craftsmen and their tools are referred to in the N墨lamata which enjoins upon the inhabitants of Ka艣m墨ra the worship of Vi艣vakarm膩鈥攖he originator of all crafts.
The Purana (啶啶班ぞ啶�, pur膩峁嘺s) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India鈥檚 vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)
: Google Books: Manthanabhairavatantram1) 颁墨惫补谤补 (啶氞啶掂ぐ) refers to 鈥渙ne who wears rags鈥�, according to the Manth膩nabhairavatantra, a vast sprawling work that belongs to a corpus of Tantric texts concerned with the worship of the goddess Kubjik膩.鈥擜ccordingly, 鈥淟isten, O god, I will explain the excellent vow of Knowledge. [...] (This is true also) of the yogi who bears the Five Insignia, is covered in ashes and naked, or who wears rags (肠墨惫补谤补) and the bark of trees, or is adorned with all the ornaments, or who wears red clothes, or even one who wears whatever he pleases. The teaching of the scripture is that the vow is said to be in accord with the garment the best of adepts may assume鈥�.
2) 颁墨惫补谤补 (啶氞啶掂ぐ) refers to one of the eight Servants (肠别峁璦-补峁ａ弓补办补) associated with J膩landhara (which is in the southern quarter), according to the Manth膩nabhairavatantra.鈥擺...] The eight servants (肠别峁佱梗峁璦办补): Ali, 颁墨惫补谤补, Rakt膩k峁, K峁涐梗峁嘺, Pak峁, Kh膩峁璦ka, Som膩da, Dh奴maka.
Shakta (啶多ぞ啶曕啶�, 艣膩kta) or Shaktism (艣膩ktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.
Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)
: SOAS University of London: Protective Rites in the Netra Tantra颁墨惫补谤补 (啶氞啶掂ぐ) refers to 鈥渕endicant鈥檚 rags鈥�, according to the Netratantra of K峁mar膩ja: a 艢aiva text from the 9th century in which 艢iva (Bhairava) teaches P膩rvat墨 topics such as metaphysics, cosmology, and soteriology.鈥擜ccordingly, [verse 13.29-36, while describing the appearance and worship of Rudra]鈥斺�淭he Buddha, the great Yogi, sits on a lotus, [head] bent, listening, and wearing mendicant鈥檚 rags (肠墨惫补谤补). [He possesses] beautiful lotus eyes, has a lotus-shaped mark, and is fixed with a jewel. [He is] established in the world, positioned in 蝉补尘腻诲丑颈, his hands [making the] wish-granting and protection [尘耻诲谤腻蝉]. Deva holds a 谤耻诲谤腻办峁 and a lotus. Thus, [the Mantrin] should worship and meditate upon Buddha, [who] grants the fruits of 尘辞办峁 to women鈥�.
Shaiva (啶多啶�, 艣aiva) or Shaivism (艣aivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.
Yoga (school of philosophy)
: ORA: Amanaska (king of all yogas): A Critical Edition and Annotated Translation by Jason Birch颁墨惫补谤补 (啶氞啶掂ぐ) refers to 鈥渁scetic clothing鈥�, according to the Amanaska Yoga treatise dealing with meditation, absorption, yogic powers and liberation.鈥擜ccordingly, as 莫艣vara says to V膩madeva: 鈥淸...] Putting on ochre garments, carrying a skull, plucking out clumps of hair, maintaining non-vedic religious observances, ashes, ascetic clothing (肠墨惫补谤补) and matted locks, behaving as if mad, [the ascetic practice of] nakedness, [studying] the Vedas, Tantras and so on and the meeting [of learned people] for [reciting] poetry in the assembly: All [this] is exertion for the sake of filling one's stomach and is not the cause of the highest good. [...]鈥�.
Yoga is originally considered a branch of Hindu philosophy (astika), but both ancient and modern Yoga combine the physical, mental and spiritual. Yoga teaches various physical techniques also known as 膩sanas (postures), used for various purposes (eg., meditation, contemplation, relaxation).
In Buddhism
Theravada (major branch of Buddhism)
: Pali Kanon: Pali Proper NamesA teacher in Burma who wrote a tika to Janghadasa (sic) (Gv.64). Elsewhere (Gv.67, 74) the same work is ascribed to Vajira.
: Dhamma Dana: Pali English GlossaryN Piece of cloth used by a bhikkhu. Robe (exclusively for a bhikkhu).
Therav膩da is a major branch of Buddhism having the the Pali canon (tipitaka) as their canonical literature, which includes the vinaya-pitaka (monastic rules), the sutta-pitaka (Buddhist sermons) and the abhidhamma-pitaka (philosophy and psychology).
Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)
Source: Wisdom Library: Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra颁墨惫补谤补 (啶氞啶掂ぐ) refers to the 鈥渞obe鈥� worn by the Bhik峁s, according to the 2nd century Mah膩praj帽膩p膩ramit膩艣膩stra chapter XLI. When the Buddha attained bodhi, he knew that K膩艣yapa鈥檚 robe (肠墨惫补谤补) should be worn by the Buddha, and K膩艣yapa鈥檚 robe was worth ten myriad ounces of gold. Next, J墨vaka offered the Buddha a chen-mo-ken cotton robe also worth ten myriad ounces of gold. The Buddha asked 膧nanda to take this robe away, cut it up and make a cloak out of it. This being done, the Buddha put it on and this outfit differed from all the rest.
However, it was following this event that the Buddha said to the Bhik峁s: 鈥淪tarting from today, provided that a Bhik峁 mindfully seeks 苍颈谤惫腻峁嘺 and turns his back on 蝉补峁僺腻谤补, I allow him, if he so wishes, to wear a robe (肠墨惫补谤补) worth ten myriad ounces of gold, and I also allow him to eat the food of a hundred flavors鈥�. Therefore at the beginning his robe was different and it was only later that he allowed the Bhik峁s to wear one similar to his. His bowl was unique of its type and he never allowed the Bhik峁s to have a similar one.
: academia.edu: A Study and Translation of the Gaganaga帽japarip峁沜ch膩Pu峁a (啶啶粪啶�) refers to 鈥渞eligious robes鈥�, according to the Gaganaga帽japarip峁沜ch膩: the eighth chapter of the Mah膩sa峁僴ip膩ta (a collection of Mah膩y膩na Buddhist S奴tras).鈥擜ccordingly: 鈥淭hen the Bodhisattva Ap膩yajaha addressed himself to the Bodhisattva Gaganaga帽ja: 鈥楽on of good family, please pacify three evil existences鈥�. [...] Then, the rain of gifts, such as flowers, garlands, incenses, unguents, aromatic powers, religious robes (肠墨惫补谤补), parasols, banners, pennons, five kinds of musical instruments, songs, male servants, female servants, wives, boys, girls, female attendants, horses, elephants, [...] poured down from the open space. [...]鈥�.
: De Gruyter: A Buddhist Ritual Manual on Agriculture颁墨惫补谤补 (啶氞啶掂ぐ) refers to 鈥渙ne鈥檚 robe鈥�, according to the 2nd-century Meghas奴tra (鈥淐loud Sutra鈥�) in those passages which contain ritual instructions.鈥擜ccordingly, 鈥淚n the end of one鈥檚 robe (肠墨惫补谤补-kar峁噄ka) a knot must be tied with seven prayers by the prophet of the Law after he has previously made provision for his safety. This 鈥榃hirlwind鈥�-Chapter, (also) called 鈥淭he heart of all Serpents,鈥� must be recited. [...]鈥�
Mahayana (啶す啶距く啶距え, mah膩y膩na) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many 蝉奴迟谤补蝉 of which some of the earliest are the various Praj帽膩p膩ramit膩 蝉奴迟谤补蝉.
Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)
: OSU Press: Cakrasamvara Samadhi颁墨惫补谤补 (啶氞啶掂ぐ) refers to a 鈥渕onk鈥檚 (head) dress鈥�, according to the Guru Mandala Worship (尘补峁囜笉补濒腻谤肠补苍补) ritual often performed in combination with the Cakrasa峁僾ara Sam膩dhi, which refers to the primary 辫奴箩腻 and 蝉腻诲丑补苍腻 practice of Newah Mah膩y膩na-Vajray膩na Buddhists in Nepal.鈥擜ccordingly, 鈥�翱峁� in the middle of mantra inhabited ground, arisen of the four seeds, 测补峁�, etc., a 尘补峁囜笉补濒补 of the great elements, wind, fire, water, and earth, Above that, (arising from) the letter 蝉耻峁�, is the meru尘补峁囜笉补濒补, Above that, on a jeweled lion-throne, lotus, and a lunar-disc, 艢r墨 Vajrasattva, two arms, one face, white color, Holding a vajra (and) vajra-bell, (and) adorned wearing various colors, Bearing a monk鈥檚 headdress (肠墨惫补谤补鈥�艣irasi 肠墨惫补谤补-dh膩ri峁嘺峁�), (and) a sapphire Ak峁bhya adorned crown, Thus imagine the worshipful guru. [...]鈥�.
Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha鈥檚 words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (惫补箩谤补测腻苍补) are collected indepently.
In Jainism
Jain philosophy
: archive.org: Anekanta Jaya Pataka of Haribhadra Suri颁墨惫补谤补 (啶氞啶掂ぐ) refers to a 鈥済arment鈥�, as occurring in the 础苍别办腻苍迟补箩补测补辫补迟腻办腻-辫谤补办补谤补峁嘺, a 艢vet膩mbara Jain philosophical work written by Haribhadra S奴ri.鈥擺Cf. Vol. I, P. 88, l 28]鈥斺�槹淠共拱光�� means a garment. The Gujarati word 鈥�肠墨谤补鈥� is derived from it.
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India history and geography
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Indian Epigraphical Glossary颁墨惫补谤补.鈥攃f. c墨varika (EI 8); garments of Buddhist monks. Note: 肠墨惫补谤补 is defined in the 鈥淚ndian epigraphical glossary鈥� as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionary肠墨惫补谤补 : (nt.) the yellow robe (of a Buddhist monk).
: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English Dictionary颁墨惫补谤补, (nt.) (*Sk. 肠墨惫补谤补, prob.=肠墨谤补, applied orig. to a dress of bark) the (upper) robe of a Buddhist mendicant. C. is the first one of the set of 4 standard requisites of a wandering bhikkhu, vir. c掳, 辫颈峁囜笉补辫腻迟补 almsbowl, 蝉别苍腻蝉补苍补 lodging, a place to sleep at, 驳颈濒腻苍补辫补肠肠补测补-产丑别蝉补箩箩补-辫补谤颈办办丑腻谤补 medicinal appliances for use in sickness. Thus mentioned passim e.g. Vin.III, 89, 99, 211; IV, 154 sq.; D.I, 61; M.II, 102; A.I, 49; Nd2 s. v.; It.111. In abbreviated form Sn.339; PvA.7; Sdhp.393. In starting on his begging round the bhikkhu goes patta-肠墨惫补谤补峁� 膩d膩ya, The 3 robes are sa峁単h膩峁璱, uttar膩sa峁単a, antarav膩saka, given thus, e.g. at Vin.I, 289. that is literally 鈥渢aking his bowl & robe.鈥� But this is an elliptical idiom meaning 鈥減utting on his outer robe and taking his bowl.鈥� A bhikkhu never goes into a village without wearing all his robes, he never takes them, or any one of the three, with him. Each of the three is simply an oblong piece of cloth (usually cotton cloth). On the mode of wearing these three robes see the note at Dialogues II.145.鈥�Vin.III, 11; D.II, 85; Sn.p. 21; PvA.10, 13 & passim. The sewing of the robe was a festival for the laity (see under ka峁環ina). There are 6 kinds of cloth mentioned for its manufacture, viz. khoma, kapp膩sika, koseyya, kambala, s膩峁嘺, bha峁単a Vin. I.58=96=281 (cp. 掳dussa). Two kinds of robes are distinguished: one of the gahapatika (layman) a white one, and the other that of the bhikkhu, the c. proper, called pa峁僺uk奴la峁� c. 鈥渢he dust-heap robe鈥� Vin.V, 117 (cp. gahapati).鈥擮n 肠墨惫补谤补 in general & also on special ordinances concerning its making, wearing & handling see Vin.I, 46, 49 sq., 196, 198, 253 sq., 285, 287 sq., 306=II.267 (of var. colours); II, 115 sq. (sibbati to sew the c.); III, 45, 58 (theft of a c.), 195鈥�223, 254鈥�266; IV, 59鈥�62, 120鈥�123, 173, 279 sq., 283 (six kinds).鈥�A.III, 108 (c墨vare kaly膩峁嘺k膩ma); V, 100, 206; Vism.62; It.103; PvA.185.鈥�S墨se 肠墨惫补谤补峁� karoti to drape the outer robe over the head Vin.II, 207, 217; 掳峁� khandhe karoti to drape it over the back Vin.II, 208, 217; 掳峁� nikkhipati to lay it down or put it away Vin.I, 47 sq.; II, 152, 224; III, 198, 203, 263; 掳峁� sa峁僪arati to fold it up Vin.I, 46.鈥擵ar. expressions referring to the use of the robe: 补迟颈谤别办补掳 an extra robe Vin.III, 195; 补肠肠别办补掳 id. Vin.III, 260 sq.; 办腻濒补掳 (& a办腻濒补掳) a robe given at (and outside) the specified time Vin.III, 202 sq.; IV, 284, 287; 驳补丑补辫补迟颈掳 a layman鈥檚 r. Vin.III, 169, 171; 迟颈掳 the three robes, viz. sa峁単h膩峁�, uttar膩sa峁単a, antarav膩saka Vin.I, 288, 289; III, 11, 195, 198 sq.; V, 142; adj. tec墨varika wearing 3 rs. Vin.V, 193; 诲耻产产补濒补掳 (as adj.) with a worn-out c. Vin.III, 254; IV, 59, 154, 286; 辫补峁僺耻办奴濒补掳 the dust-heap robe PvA.141; 蝉补掳-产丑补迟迟补 food given with a robe Vin.IV, 77; 濒奴办丑补掳 (adj.) having a coarse robe Vin.I, 109 (+duccola); III, 263 (id.); A.I, 25; 惫颈丑腻谤补掳 a robe to be used in the monastery Vin.III, 212.
Pali is the language of the Tipi峁璦ka, which is the sacred canon of Therav膩da Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha鈥檚 speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Marathi-English dictionary
: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary肠颈惫腻ra (啶氞た啶掂ぞ啶�).鈥攆 n (肠颈惫腻) A clump or cluster of the bamboo called 肠颈惫腻. 2 n A kind of grass.
: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-English肠颈惫腻ra (啶氞た啶掂ぞ啶�).鈥�f n A clump of the bamboo, call- ed 肠颈惫腻. A kind of grass.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary颁墨惫补谤补 (啶氞啶掂ぐ).鈥擺ci-峁arac ni掳 d墨rgha岣�; c墨v-arac v膩; cf. U峁嚹乨i-s奴tra 3.1]
1) A garment (in general); a tatter, rag; 啶啶班啶む啷�啶掂ぐ- 啶掂じ啶� 啶膏啶掂え啷嬥啷嵿ぐ啶ぞ (preta肠墨惫补谤补- vas膩 svanogray膩) R.11.16.
2) The dress of any mendicant, particularly of a Buddhist mendicant; 啶氞啶掂ぐ啶距ぃ啶� 啶ぐ啶苦ぇ啶む啶む (c墨var膩峁噄 paridhatte) Sk.; 啶氞啶班啷�啶掂ぐ啶ぐ啶苦啷嵿啶︵ぞ啶 (肠墨谤补肠墨惫补谤补paricchad膩m) M膩lat墨m膩dhava (Bombay) 1; 啶啶班啷嵿し啶距げ啶苦い啶啶むえ啷嵿ぎ啶ぞ 啶氞啶掂ぐ啶栢ぃ啷嵿ぁ啶 (prak峁Ｄ乴itametanmay膩 肠墨惫补谤补kha峁囜笉am) M峁沜chaka峁璱ka 8.
Derivable forms: 肠墨惫补谤补m (啶氞啶掂ぐ啶).
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary颁墨惫补谤补 (啶氞啶掂ぐ).鈥攏.
(-谤补峁�) The tattered dress of a Baud'dha mendicant, or of any mendicant. E. ci to collect, &c. and varac Unadi aff. c墨va-ac v膩 .
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary颁墨惫补谤补 (啶氞啶掂ぐ).鈥� (perhaps from 1. ci by the affixes van + a), n. The tattered dress of a Buddhist mendicant, Mah膩bh膩rata 1, 3638; or of any mendicant, [顿补艣补办耻尘腻谤补肠补谤颈迟补] in
颁墨惫补谤补 (啶氞啶掂ぐ).鈥擺neuter] the dress of a mendicant; poss. vant.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) 颁墨惫补谤补 (啶氞啶掂ぐ):鈥�m. iron filings, [Gobhila-艣r膩ddha-kalpa iv, 9, 7]
2) n. the dress or rags of a religious ([especially] Buddhist or Jain) monk, [艢膩峁卥h膩yana-艣rauta-s奴tra ii, 16, 2; P膩峁噄ni 3-1, 20; Mah膩bh膩rata i, 36, 38; M峁沜chaka峁璱k膩 etc.]
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary颁墨惫补谤补 (啶氞啶掂ぐ):鈥�(谤补峁�) 1. n. The tattered dress of a Bauddha mendicant.
: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)颁墨惫补谤补 (啶氞啶掂ぐ) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: 颁墨惫补谤补.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled 啶膏啶膏啶曕啶むぎ啷� (蝉补峁僺办峁泃补尘), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionary颁墨惫补谤补 (啶氞啶掂ぐ) [Also spelled chivar]:鈥�(nm) a mendicant鈥檚 tattered dress.
...
Prakrit-English dictionary
: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary颁墨惫补谤补 (啶氞啶掂ぐ) in the Prakrit language is related to the Sanskrit word: 颁墨惫补谤补.
Prakrit is an ancient language closely associated with both Pali and Sanskrit. Jain literature is often composed in this language or sub-dialects, such as the Agamas and their commentaries which are written in Ardhamagadhi and Maharashtri Prakrit. The earliest extant texts can be dated to as early as the 4th century BCE although core portions might be older.
Kannada-English dictionary
: Alar: Kannada-English corpus颁墨惫补谤补 (嗖氞硛嗖掂舶):鈥�
1) [noun] (in gen.) any article of clothing; a garment.
2) [noun] torn and hanging clothes; tatters; rags.
3) [noun] the garment of a mendicant.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+9): Civara Sutta, Civarabhajaka, Civarabhanga, Civarabhatta, Civarabhisi, Civaracetiya, Civaradana, Civaradussa, Civaraja, Civarakala, Civarakamma, Civarakanna, Civarakara, Civarakarman, Civarakarnika, Civarakkhandha, Civaralanankai, Civaralukha, Civaramankai, Civaranidahaka.
Full-text (+324): Civarabhajaka, Civaradussa, Civaragopaka, Civaradana, Ticivara, Civarakala, Civaralukha, Civarakara, Civaranivasana, Civarakamma, Civarakanna, Civarasankamaniya, Civaracetapana, Atirekacivara, Gahapaticivara, Tri-civara, Civaravamsa, Thupa, Bhajaka, Parishkaracivara.
Relevant text
Search found 44 books and stories containing Civara, 颁墨惫补谤补, Civ膩ra, Ci-kvara; (plurals include: Civaras, 颁墨惫补谤补s, Civ膩ras, kvaras). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Textile Terminology in Khotanese: A Study of Dress and Equipment < [Volume 30 (1966)]
Vinaya (2): The Mahavagga (by T. W. Rhys Davids)
Mahavagga, Khandaka 7, Chapter 1 < [Khandaka 7 - The Kathina Ceremonies]
Mahavagga, Khandaka 7, Chapter 2 < [Khandaka 7 - The Kathina Ceremonies]
Mahavagga, Khandaka 10, Chapter 3 < [Khandaka 10 - Schisms among the Samgha]
Notices of Sanskrit Manuscripts (by Rajendralala Mitra)
Vinaya Pitaka (2): Bhikkhuni-vibhanga (the analysis of Nun鈥� rules) (by I. B. Horner)
The Catu-Bhanavara-Pali (critical study) (by Moumita Dutta Banik)
(5) The Paccavekkhana < [Chapter 2 - Subject Matter of the First Bhanavara]
Sanskrit Words In Southeast Asian Languages (by Satya Vrat Shastri)