Significance of Phlegm
Phlegm encompasses a variety of definitions across different traditions and interpretations. In Rasashastra, it is described as a substance emitted in excess, impacting respiratory health and associated with qualities such as coldness and tenderness in the body. Mahayana and Theravada Buddhism view phlegm as a type of mucus linked to physical ailments. Historically, phlegm is noted as one of the three humors in Ayurveda and the Greco-Roman medical systems, while in modern science, it is recognized as a thick mucus associated with respiratory symptoms and various health issues.
Synonyms: Sputum, Catarrh, Discharge, Secretion, Expectoration
In Finnish: Lima; In Dutch: Slijm; In Spanish: Flema; In German: Schleim; In Swedish: Slem; In Malay: Kahak; In French: Flegme
The below excerpts are indicatory and do represent direct quotations or translations. It is your responsibility to fact check each reference.
Buddhist concept of 'Phlegm'
In Buddhism, Phlegm symbolizes a thick liquid linked to physical ailments, such as respiratory issues, representing both a tangible bodily element and a metaphor for obstructed energy or spiritual stagnation within the body.
From: Visuddhimagga (the pah of purification)
(1) The thick liquid found on the surface of the stomach, often associated with respiratory issues.[1]
From: Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra
(1) A type of mucus produced in the respiratory system, included in the enumeration of physical substances.[2]
Hindu concept of 'Phlegm'
In Hinduism, Phlegm signifies a bodily substance linked to coldness and tenderness, potentially problematic when excess mucus forms. Remedies include white and red arka, and Kasisam assists in its reduction, supporting overall health.
From: Rasa Jala Nidhi, vol 2: Minerals (uparasa)
(1) Kasisam aids in the reduction of phlegm in the body.[3] (2) The quality of coldness and tenderness in the body, alongside dryness and warmth, that supports life functions.[4]
From: Rasa Jala Nidhi, vol 5: Treatment of various afflictions
(1) Mucus secreted in the respiratory passages, which can become problematic when combined with undigested food residues.[5]
From: Rasa Jala Nidhi, vol 3: Metals, Gems and other substances
(1) A substance that can be emitted in excess and is treated by white arka and red arka.[6]
From: Hayanaratna: The Jewel of Annual Astrology
(1) This word is used in the context of health and humors, which is a consideration when analyzing the sixth house, and is used to describe a specific type of imbalance.[7]
The concept of Phlegm in local and regional sources
Phlegm is a crucial humor in humoral theory, linked to bodily fluids and functions. It can induce feelings or diseases and is recognized in Ayurveda and Greco-Roman systems, tied to specific times and seasons.
From: History of Science in South Asia
(1) Phlegm is mentioned as a morbific factor that experiences natural pacification during the summer, according to the provided text.[8] (2) Phlegm is a humour that appears in lists of bodily fluids, and it is explicitly stated that phlegm can be vomited, as occurs with gastric juices or expectorated mucus in cases of illness.[9] (3) The text mentions "phlegm" as one of the three humors/doshas, which is a concept in early Ayurveda and the Greco-Roman system, and is associated with certain times of day or seasons.[10] (4) Phlegm is a humor and an element associated with fluids, bodily functions, and can cause feelings or diseases, and is part of the humoral theory.[11]
The concept of Phlegm in scientific sources
Phlegm, in Unani medicine, is a bodily humor whose imbalance can contribute to various health problems, notably including Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, highlighting the importance of maintaining equilibrium for overall health.
From: The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences
(1) This is a thick mucus that can be coughed up from the respiratory tract, and is one of the respiratory symptoms.[12]