Philosophy of language in the Five Nikayas
by K.T.S. Sarao | 2013 | 141,449 words
This page relates ‘Distinctive Issues of the Five Nikayas� of the study of the Philosophy of language in the Five Nikayas, from the perspective of linguistics. The Five Nikayas, in Theravada Buddhism, refers to the five books of the Sutta Pitaka (“Basket of Sutra�), which itself is the second division of the Pali Tipitaka of the Buddhist Canon (literature).
6. Distinctive Issues of the Five ±·¾±°ìÄå²â²¹²õ
[Full title: Distinctive Issues of the Five ±·¾±°ìÄå²â²¹²õ and some Important Buddhist Terms Relating the Study]
As we have seen in chapter one, section §1.2.5, Suttas in the Five ±·¾±°ìÄå²â²¹²õ are organized clearly and systematically. Traditionally, at the beginning of each Sutta, there always been a practice to present the necessary information to introduce the Sutta; that is, the cause of the discourse given; the place where the discourse is delivered; the expositor’s name; and the audienceâ€� name or whom the expositor is addressing.
This “beginning of each Sutta� is also known as Six Perfections (found in the opening phrase of each Sutta); that is,
(i) “Thus,� implies perfect faith,
(ii) “have I heard,� perfect hearing,
(iii) “once,� perfect time,
(iv) “the Buddha,� the perfect Lord or Master,
(v) “on/at/in (the place),� the perfect place;
(vi) “with the great assembly of bhikkhus,� the perfect assembly.
And at the end of each Sutta there is always a brief conclusion of the discourse in which it often shows its affect on the hearers.
The Five ±·¾±°ìÄå²â²¹²õ are the repositories of the discourses of the Buddha explaining all aspects of life, human and universe, through the exposition of the Four Noble Truths, the Theory of Dependent Origination, the teaching of Non-Self, and so on, especially the Majjhima NikÄya seeks to focus on the themes of developing and cultivating mind and achieves to establish it on the basis of Right View (²õ²¹³¾³¾Äå»å¾±³Ù³Ù³ó¾±). In other words, knowledge and mind seem to be at the epicenter of the collections. In addition, the Five ±·¾±°ìÄå²â²¹²õ also throw much light on the social ideas and institutions as well as they provide general information on the economic and political life of ancient Indian days. Apart from expounding principal issues, the Five ±·¾±°ìÄå²â²¹²õ also give a clear and concise explanation of basic Buddhist terms and definitions. Among those, there emerge some important terminologies to be frequently repeated in the text and directly concerned to the work that need some notes.