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Pali text, illustration and English translation of Dhammapada verse 81:

selo 测补迟丑腻 ekaghano 惫腻迟别苍补 na 蝉补尘墨谤补迟颈 |
别惫补峁� 苍颈苍诲腻辫补蝉补峁僺腻蝉耻 na sami帽janti 辫补峁囜笉颈迟腻 || 81 ||

81. Just as a mighty boulder stirs not with the wind, so the wise are never moved either by praise or blame.

Both in praise and blame the wise are unshaken like the rock in the wind.

The Story of Venerable 尝补办耻峁囜弓补办补 Bhaddiya

While residing at the Jetavana Monastery, the Buddha spoke this verse, with reference to Venerable Bhaddiya.

Bhaddiya was one of the monks staying at the Jetavana Monastery. Because of his short stature he was known as 尝补办耻峁囜弓补办补 (the dwarf) to other monks. 尝补办耻峁囜弓补办补 Bhaddiya was very good natured; even young monks would often tease him by pulling his nose or his ear, or by patting him on his head. Very often they would jokingly say, 鈥淯ncle, how are you? Are you happy or are you bored with your life here as a monk?鈥� 尝补办耻峁囜弓补办补 Bhaddiya never retaliated in anger, or abused them; in fact, even in his heart he did not get angry with them.

When told about the patience of 尝补办耻峁囜弓补办补 Bhaddiya, the Buddha said, 鈥淎n arahat never loses his temper, he has no desire to speak harshly or to think ill of others. He is like a mountain of solid rock; as a solid rock is unshaken, so also, an arahat is unperturbed by scorn or by praise.鈥�

Explanatory Translation (Verse 81)

测补迟丑腻 ekaghano selo 惫腻迟别苍补 na 蝉补尘墨谤补迟颈
别惫补峁� 辫补峁囜笉颈迟腻 苍颈苍诲腻 辫补蝉补峁僺腻蝉耻

测补迟丑腻: just like; ekaghano [ekaghana]: a solid; selo: rock; 惫腻迟别苍补: by the wind; na 蝉补尘墨谤补迟颈: is not shaken; 别惫补峁�: in the same way; 辫补峁囜笉颈迟腻: the wise ones; 苍颈苍诲腻 辫补蝉补峁僺腻蝉耻: both in praise and blame; na sami帽janti: remain unmoved

The wise remain unmoved and unruffled both by praise and humiliation. The wise remain unshaken under all vicissitudes of life, like the solid rock that withstands the buffetings of wind, unmoved.

Commentary and exegetical material (Verse 81)

苍颈苍诲腻 辫补蝉补峁僺腻蝉耻: both in praise and blame. The ordinary people tend to be shaken by the changing vicissitudes of life. When something goes wrong, they are depressed. When things go well, they are elated. But, the wise are unshaken, whatever the fortune they face.

It is said that the people in general face eight kinds of vicissitudes. They are described in 笔腻濒颈:

L膩bho al膩bho, ayaso, yasoca,
(Gain, loss, neglect and attention

狈颈苍诲腻, 辫补蝉补苍蝉腻, 蝉耻办丑补峁�, ca dukkham
Insult, praise, pleasure and pain

Ete anicc膩 manujesu 诲丑补尘尘腻
These unstable human experiences

础蝉补蝉蝉补迟墨 viparinama 诲丑补尘尘腻
Are transient changing vicissitudes of life.)

There are eight kinds of fortune, good and bad, that affect people:

1. 尝腻产丑补: gain;
2. 础濒腻产丑补: loss;
3. Ayaso [Ayasa]: neglect;
4. Yaso attention;
5. 狈颈苍诲腻: humiliation;
6. 笔补蝉补峁僺腻: praise;
7. Sukha: pleasure; and
8. Dukkha: pain.

These eight are described as the eight vicissitudes of life (补峁�峁�丑补 loka dhamma). The ordinary masses are shaken by these vicissitudes. But the wise remain unshaken by them. The Wise Ones are aware of the changing nature of the world; in response, they remain unmoved by it. In this stanza, this mental stability is compared to the stability of the rock that remains unshaken by the wind.

The awareness of the wise ones and their unshaken mind, in the face of such vicissitudes, are summed up this way:

Eteva 帽补迟惫腻 蝉补迟颈尘腻 sumedho
(Knowing this, the mind of sage

Avekkhat墨 viparin膩ma 诲丑补尘尘腻
Closely observes the changing experience

I峁�峁環assa 诲丑补尘尘腻 na mathenti 肠颈迟迟补峁�.
His mind not lured by pleasing experience

Ani峁�峁環ato na patigh膩tameti
What is not pleasing, he does not hate.)

(The wise person considers these vicissitudes carefully and notes that they are subject to fluctuation. His mind is not shaken by good fortune. Nor is he depressed by misfortune.) It is this recognition of impermanence that helps him preserve his calm.

Special Note on Arahat 尝补办耻峁囜弓补办补 Bhaddiya:

Though diminutive in stature he had a melodious voice. Among the eight 惭补丑腻 Arahats, his voice was pre-eminent. Of all gifts, gift of speech is the most precious. His superb voice came next to the Buddha鈥檚, which is compared to the singing of the bird called Kurav墨ka (the Indian nightingale) of the 贬颈尘腻濒补测补蝉, the king of the birds with a sweet voice. His short stature, from which the name 尝补办耻峁囜弓补办补 came, was the result of a past kamma.

Arahat 尝补办耻峁囜弓补办补 Bhaddiya鈥檚 voice was deeply prized. In the Bhaddiya Sutta, the Buddha praised him saying that he, though humpbacked and unsightly, was highly gifted and his character was most lofty. Buddha declared that 尝补办耻峁囜弓补办补 Bhaddiya was pre-eminent in the Sangha, for his voice.

His voice was vibrating with music,
Bringing men to dhamma鈥檚 fold,
Curing minds by the physic,
Though he was puny to behold.