In vitro effectiveness of PMCA in SLN with cetyl alcohol in HPC-H gel.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: In vitro effectivity para methoxy cinnamate acid (pmca) in solid lipid nanostructure (sln) system using cetyl alcohol as lipid formulated in hpc-h gel base
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Noorma Rosita, Widji Soeratri, Tristiana Erawati, Ayunanda, Wakhida Fitriyani
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: In vitro effectivity para methoxy cinnamate acid (pmca) in solid lipid nanostructure (sln) system using cetyl alcohol as lipid formulated in hpc-h gel base
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The growing interest in colloidal carrier systems for drug delivery is highlighted, particularly for their ability to incorporate poorly water-soluble drugs. These systems, which include solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), provide benefits such as protection against chemical degradation and the potential for modulating drug release. SLN has emerged as a preferred alternative compared to liposomes and emulsions due to their biodegradability, non-toxicity, and stability, while requiring lower surfactant concentrations.
Characteristics of Solid Lipid Nanostructures (SLN)
The study focused on the characterization of SLN using cetyl alcohol as a lipid carrier prepared by high shear homogenization. The resulting SLN was found to have a spherical shape with a non-homogeneous size distribution. The study successfully determined that approximately 64.86% of the drug para-methoxy cinnamate acid (PMCA) was encapsulated within the SLN matrix, thus enhancing its stability and effectiveness.
Release and Penetration Efficacy
The research investigated the release and penetration rates of PMCA from various formulations, including PMCA alone, PMCA in a macroemulsion, and PMCA-SLN incorporated in a gel. It was observed that PMCA in gel exhibited the highest release and penetration rates, with SLN showing the slowest release profile. However, the smaller particle size of the SLN contributed to increased occlusivity, potentially enhancing drug penetration through the skin.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the SLN system successfully retards the release and facilitates the penetration of PMCA, making it a promising approach for topical anti-inflammatory drug delivery applications. The findings underscore the potential of SLN in improving the efficacy of poorly soluble drugs in pharmaceutical formulations.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the purpose of solid lipid nanostructure (SLN) in drug delivery?
SLN serves as a colloidal drug delivery system, providing advantages such as enhanced solubility for poorly soluble drugs and protection against degradation.
What is para methoxy cinnamate acid (PMCA) and its significance?
PMCA, a hydrolyzed product of ethyl-p-methoxycinnamic acid, exhibits anti-inflammatory activity and is poorly soluble, making it suitable for formulation with SLN for topical applications.
How was the SLN for PMCA prepared in this study?
SLN was prepared using high shear homogenization by melting cetyl alcohol, dissolving PMCA in it, and emulsifying the mixture with Tween 80 and propylene glycol.
What were the results of the release study of PMCA?
The results showed that PMCA formulated in gel released more slowly when in SLN compared to free PMCA and macroemulsion formulations.
What was the effect of SLN on PMCA penetration through skin?
While SLN formulation had the slowest release rate, it did not significantly change the penetration rates of PMCA through rat skin membranes.
What was the entrapment efficiency of PMCA in the SLN?
The study found that approximately 64.86% of PMCA was successfully entrapped in the lipid matrix of the SLN.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “In vitro effectiveness of PMCA in SLN with cetyl alcohol in HPC-H gel.�. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Drug:
The keyword 'Drug' refers to active pharmaceutical ingredients like para-methoxy cinnamate acid (PMCA), which is used in the study to explore its anti-inflammatory effects. Understanding the drug's characteristics and behavior in different formulations is crucial to optimizing its delivery and therapeutic efficacy in clinical applications.
2) Study (Studying):
The term 'Study' relates to the systematic investigation conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of solid lipid nanostructures (SLNs) as carriers for PMCA. It encompasses various experimental methodologies and analyses to assess drug release, penetration, and overall performance, providing insights into potential improvements in drug delivery systems.
3) Table:
In the context of the research, 'Table' highlights the organized presentation of key data, such as pH levels, flux release, and spreadability of different formulations. Tables facilitate clarity in conveying experimental results, making it easier to compare and analyze the effectiveness of various drug delivery methods employed in the study.
4) Medium:
The term 'Medium' is significant as it denotes the phosphate buffer solutions used in the experiments to simulate physiological conditions for drug release and penetration studies. The appropriate medium ensures that results accurately reflect the behavior of PMCA in biological environments, aiding in the extrapolation of findings to actual therapeutic scenarios.
5) Male (Mālē):
Referring specifically to the 'Male' Wistar rats used in penetration studies, this keyword indicates the selection of a certain gender and strain in biological testing. The choice of male rats ensures consistency and reliability in the results, as hormonal differences can impact drug absorption and efficacy, making this variable important in pharmacological research.
6) Biodegradable:
The term 'Biodegradable' emphasizes an important attribute of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) used as drug carriers. This quality ensures environmental safety and compatibility within the body, as biodegradable materials minimize adverse reactions and reduce the accumulation of synthetic substances, highlighting the increasing focus on sustainable and patient-friendly drug formulations.
7) Transmission:
In this context, 'Transmission' refers to the techniques employed to observe the physical characteristics of solid lipid nanoparticles, such as Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). This keyword underscores the importance of advanced imaging methods in characterizing drug delivery systems and observing their morphology, which is vital for understanding their behavior and performance.
8) Measurement:
The word 'Measurement' pertains to quantifying various parameters during the study, including pH levels, drug release rates, and penetration fluxes. Accurate measurement is fundamental in scientific research to validate hypotheses, assess formulation effectiveness, and ensure reproducibility of results, contributing to the credibility and reliability of the study's findings.
9) Discussion:
The keyword 'Discussion' represents the section in scientific research where results are interpreted and placed in the context of existing literature. This part of the paper is crucial for drawing conclusions about the significance of findings, proposing future research directions, and considering implications for drug development and clinical practice.
10) Substance:
The term 'Substance' refers to the active components involved in the study, particularly the para-methoxy cinnamate acid (PMCA) and the carrier materials used in the solid lipid nanoparticles. Recognizing the chemical nature and properties of the substance is essential for understanding its interaction with biological systems and optimizing formulations for effective drug delivery.
11) Activity:
In this context, 'Activity' pertains to the biological effects and efficacy of PMCA as an anti-inflammatory agent. The study aims to establish a connection between the formulation characteristics and the pharmacological activity of the substance, providing insights on how to enhance therapeutic roles through advanced drug delivery systems.
12) Surface:
The term 'Surface' is related to the characteristics of the solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), particularly the role of surface modifications in drug delivery performance. The surface properties influence interactions with biological membranes and overall bioavailability, making surface analysis critical for optimizing formulation strategies and ensuring effective drug penetration.
13) Science (Scientific):
The keyword 'Science' embodies the systematic approach of the research, emphasizing the application of scientific methods in drug formulation and testing. This highlights the importance of evidence-based practices in developing innovative drug delivery systems, ensuring that findings contribute to the broader field of pharmaceutical sciences and ultimately benefit patient care.
14) Reason:
The term 'Reason' signifies the justifications behind experimental designs and the interpretation of results. Understanding the reasoning is essential for scientific inquiry as it helps in making informed conclusions and validating hypotheses, which contributes to the larger body of knowledge in pharmacology and drug delivery system research.
15) Glass:
In this context, 'Glass' refers to the laboratory equipment used, particularly in the preparation and analysis of formulations. The use of glass beakers and containers is common in chemical experiments due to their inertness and ability to withstand heat, emphasizing the importance of selecting appropriate materials for accurate experimental outcomes.
16) Water:
The word 'Water' signifies its role as a solvent in the preparation of formulations and pharmaceutical gels. The properties of water are vital in enhancing solubility and stability of drug compounds, affecting the release profiles and overall efficacy of the drug delivery systems studied, capturing the importance of solvent interactions in formulation science.
17) Field:
The term 'Field' in this context relates to the domain of study, specifically pharmaceutical science and drug delivery research. It reflects the interdisciplinary nature of the research, involving both chemistry and biology to solve complex challenges in enhancing drug efficacy, demonstrating the need for collaboration in advancing therapeutic applications.
18) Pur (Pūr):
The keyword 'Poor' is used to describe the solubility characteristics of para-methoxy cinnamate acid (PMCA), which poses challenges in its formulation and delivery. Addressing the issues associated with poorly soluble drugs is critical in pharmaceutical development, as it necessitates innovative strategies to improve bioavailability and ensure effective therapeutic use.
Other Science Concepts:
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