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Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for 鈥淎 Clinical Study of Knee Joint Ligament Injury with Ayurvedic Treatment鈥�. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Pain:
Pain is a significant symptom in this case study of a knee joint ligament injury. The patient experienced severe pain immediately following the trauma, and pain management was a crucial aspect of the Ayurvedic treatment protocol. Treatments aimed at reducing pain included internal medications and external applications like lepa and basti.

2) Taila (Thaila):
Taila, or oil, plays a critical role in the Ayurvedic treatment for knee injuries. Kshirabala taila was used in Janu basti, a procedure where oil is pooled around the knee joint to strengthen ligaments and reduce pain and swelling. Gandha taila was also used for both internal and external applications to improve the strength of bones and ligaments.

3) Lepa:
Lepa refers to a medicinal paste applied externally to the affected area. In this case study, Nagaradi lepa was applied to the knee joint. This lepa, a mixture including Murivenna, helped reduce swelling and pain and aided in the rebuilding of the weakened and torn ligaments.

4) Swelling:
Swelling was a prominent symptom following the knee injury, appearing within one hour after the trauma. Reducing the swelling was a primary treatment goal. The application of Nagaradi lepa and the use of other Ayurvedic treatments helped eliminate swelling within the first 15 days of treatment.

5) Gandha (Gamdha):
Gandha refers to Gandha taila, an oil used in Ayurvedic treatments. This oil is known for its beneficial properties in strengthening bones, joints, and ligaments. Gandha taila was applied externally to the knee joint and was also taken internally as part of the patient's treatment protocol.

6) Guggulu:
Guggulu is a resin used in various Ayurvedic formulations. In this case study, Laksha guggulu and Yogaraja guggulu were prescribed. These internal medications possess anti-inflammatory properties, help in pain reduction, and aid in the recovery of ligaments and joint health.

7) Janu:
Janu refers to the knee joint in Ayurveda. Janu Sandhi, or the knee joint, was the primary focus of the treatment in this case study. The treatments aimed to address the ligament injury and restore normal function to the Janu Sandhi.

8) Nagaradi:
Nagaradi refers to Nagaradi lepa, an Ayurvedic medicinal paste. Nagaradi lepa churna mixed with Murivenna was applied to the knee joint to help reduce pain and swelling and aid in the healing of the ligament injury.

9) Basti:
Basti, specifically Janu basti, is an Ayurvedic procedure involving the pooling of medicinal oil around the knee joint. In this case, Kshirabala taila was used in Janu basti to relieve pain, reduce swelling, and strengthen the knee joint ligaments.

10) Laksha (Laksa):
Laksha refers to Laksha guggulu, an Ayurvedic formulation containing gum resin. This medication helps in reducing inflammation, relieving pain, and promoting the healing of bones and ligaments. It was a key component of the internal medication prescribed in the treatment.

11) Yogaraja (Yoga-raja):
Yogaraja refers to Yogaraja guggulu, another Ayurvedic formulation used in the treatment. This medication is known for its effectiveness in reducing pain and enhancing joint health, making it an essential part of the prescribed internal medications.

12) Mustadi (Musta-adi):
Mustadi refers to Mustadi marma Kashaya, an herbal decoction used in the treatment. It is effective in ligament and bone injuries due to its anti-inflammatory activity and capacity to heal the injured ligaments. It was administered during the later stages of the treatment.

13) Kashaya (Kasaya):
Kashaya denotes an herbal decoction. Mustadi marma Kashaya was used in this case study to help the healing process of the ligament injury, leveraging its anti-inflammatory properties and effectiveness in strengthening bones and ligaments.

14) Disease:
Disease in this context refers to the knee joint ligament injury that the patient suffered. Ayurvedic principles were applied to treat this condition without the need for surgery, focusing on reducing pain and swelling and improving joint function.

15) Sandhi (Shandhi, Samdhi):
Sandhi means joint in Sanskrit. The knee joint, or Janu Sandhi, was the central focus of the Ayurvedic treatment plan, which aimed to heal the injured ligaments and restore the joint's normal function.

16) Marma:
Marma points are vital areas in the body according to Ayurveda. Mustadi marma Kashaya was used in the treatment, with specific formulations designed to target these critical points, aiding in the healing process of the ligament injury.

17) Janusandhi (Janu-sandhi):
Janu-sandhi is the term used for the knee joint in Ayurveda. The focus of the treatment was to heal the ligament injury in the Janu-sandhi through a combination of internal medications and external treatments like lepa and Janu basti.

18) Kshirabala (Ksirabala):
Kshirabala is an Ayurvedic oil used in the Janu basti procedure. This oil is known for its properties to relieve pain, reduce inflammation, and strengthen the knee joint and ligaments.

19) Snayu:
Snayu refers to ligaments in Ayurveda. The treatment focused on healing the damaged Snayu of the knee joint, using various Ayurvedic formulations and procedures to restore strength and function to the ligaments.

20) Karnataka:
Karnataka is a state in India. The authors of this study are affiliated with Karnataka Ayurveda Medical College and Hospital in Mangalore, D.K District, Karnataka, where the case study was conducted.

21) Krishna (Krsna):
Krishna refers to P Krishna Prasad Bhat, the PG Scholar who is the lead author of this case study. His contributions were vital in documenting the Ayurvedic treatment process and its outcomes for the knee joint ligament injury.

22) Horn:
Horn is part of the term 'posterior horn' of the medial meniscus, which had a horizontal tear in the patient鈥檚 knee as diagnosed by MRI. This term helps specify the location of the meniscus injury in the knee joint.

23) Human body:
The human body consists of various joints and ligaments, and this study focuses on the knee joint, one of the largest and most complex synovial joints. Ayurvedic treatments aim to restore the health of these critical structures through natural methods.

24) Discussion:
The discussion section of the study reviews the effectiveness of Ayurvedic treatments, explaining how procedures like Lepa and Janu basti, alongside internal medications, healed the knee joint ligament injury and restored the patient's mobility.

25) Amlarasa (Amla-rasa):
[see source text or glossary: Amla-rasa]

26) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is the traditional system of medicine from India, focusing on natural treatments and holistic healing. In this study, Ayurvedic principles and treatments were applied to heal a knee joint ligament injury without surgery, achieving successful outcomes.

27) Lakshadi (Laksadi, Laksha-adi):
[see source text or glossary: Lakshadi]

28) Medicine:
Medicine in this context refers to the Ayurvedic formulations and procedures used to treat the knee joint ligament injury. Internal medications like Laksha guggulu, Gandha taila capsules, and Mustadi marma Kashaya played key roles in the therapeutic regimen.

29) Madhura:
[see source text or glossary: Madhura]

30) Godhuma (Go-dhuma):
[see source text or glossary: Godhuma]

31) Dravya:
[see source text or glossary: Dravya]

32) Vihara:
Vihara refers to lifestyle and behavioral guidelines in Ayurveda. The patient was advised to follow proper Vihara practices, including rest and avoiding twisting movements, to complement the medical treatments and expedite healing.

33) Shali (Sali):
[see source text or glossary: Shali]

34) India:
India is the country where the case study was conducted and where Ayurveda, the traditional treatment system used in this study, originates. The study took place at Karnataka Ayurveda Medical College and Hospital in India.

35) Ayus (Ayush):
[see source text or glossary: Ayush]

36) Rasa (Rasha):
[see source text or glossary: Rasa]

37) Amla:
[see source text or glossary: Amla]

38) Diet:
Diet was an important aspect of the Ayurvedic treatment. The patient was advised to consume milk, ghee, and foods like Shali and Godhuma that are considered beneficial for joint and ligament health. Specific dietary guidelines help support the overall treatment process.

39) Ghi (Ghee):
Ghee, clarified butter, was included in the patient's diet. It is known in Ayurveda for its nourishing properties and role in joint and ligament health, aiding in the healing process of the knee joint injury.

40) Milk:
Milk was also part of the recommended diet for the patient. In Ayurveda, milk is considered nourishing and beneficial for strengthening bones and ligaments, which supports the healing process for the knee injury.