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´³²â´Ç³Ù¾±á¹£m²¹³ÙÄ« seed oil effects on scopolamine-induced amnesia in mice.

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Journal name: Ancient Science of Life
Original article title: Effect of ´³²â´Ç³Ù¾±á¹£m²¹³ÙÄ« seed oil on spatial and fear memory using scopolamine induced amnesia in mice
The ANSCI is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal focused on Ayurveda and traditional medicines. It publishes original research, reviews, and literary studies linking traditional knowledge with modern science, covering disciplines like botany, ethnomedicine, pharmacology, and clinical research.
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Original source:

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Author:

Sanket B. Raut, Reshma R. Parekar, Kshitij S. Jadhav, Padmaja A. Marathe, Nirmala N. Rege


Ancient Science of Life:

(A quarterly multi-disciplinary scientific research journal in Ayurveda)

Full text available for: Effect of ´³²â´Ç³Ù¾±á¹£m²¹³ÙÄ« seed oil on spatial and fear memory using scopolamine induced amnesia in mice

Year: 2015

Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA


Summary of article contents:

Introduction

Dementia, particularly Alzheimer's disease, poses significant challenges in terms of effective treatment for memory impairment. The current pharmacological approaches often lead to adverse effects, necessitating the search for alternative therapies. Traditional Ayurvedic medicine shows promise, with specific plants such as Celastrus paniculatus—commonly known as ´³²â´Ç³Ù¾±á¹£m²¹³Ùī—suggested for enhancing memory. This study investigates the effects of ´³²â´Ç³Ù¾±á¹£m²¹³ÙÄ« seed oil on spatial and fear memory in mice subjected to scopolamine-induced amnesia, a widely utilized model to simulate memory impairment.

Memory Enhancement through ´³²â´Ç³Ù¾±á¹£m²¹³ÙÄ« Seed Oil

The research demonstrated that administering ´³²â´Ç³Ù¾±á¹£m²¹³ÙÄ« seed oil significantly improved memory in mice, as evidenced by lower transfer latency (TL) times in the elevated plus maze test and increased TL in the passive avoidance test. Mice that received ´³²â´Ç³Ù¾±á¹£m²¹³ÙÄ« oil showed performance comparable to that of piracetam, a known nootropic agent, suggesting that the seed oil may possess cognitive enhancing effects. Further, the combination of ´³²â´Ç³Ù¾±á¹£m²¹³ÙÄ« oil with piracetam did not result in additive benefits, indicating both substances might operate through similar mechanisms to enhance cognitive function. The study emphasizes that long-term administration of ´³²â´Ç³Ù¾±á¹£m²¹³ÙÄ« appears crucial for achieving maximal therapeutic effects and suggests the potential of developing this Ayurvedic remedy as an alternative treatment for dementia.

Conclusion

The findings of this study highlight the potential of ´³²â´Ç³Ù¾±á¹£m²¹³ÙÄ« seed oil as a memory-enhancing agent, presenting it as a viable alternative in the quest for new therapies for cognitive deficits associated with dementia. The absence of significant synergistic effects when combined with piracetam indicates the need for further research to explore the mechanisms behind the observed cognitive benefits. Overall, the investigation paves the way for future studies aimed at validating and understanding the nootropic effects of Celastrus paniculatus, particularly in the context of long-term treatment for memory impairments.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What was the main objective of the study on ´³²â´Ç³Ù¾±á¹£m²¹³ÙÄ« seed oil?

The study aimed to evaluate the memory-enhancing effect of Celastrus paniculatus (´³²â´Ç³Ù¾±á¹£m²¹³ÙÄ«) seed oil on spatial and fear memory in mice subjected to scopolamine-induced amnesia.

How was the effectiveness of ´³²â´Ç³Ù¾±á¹£m²¹³ÙÄ« seed oil measured?

Effectiveness was measured using elevated plus maze and passive avoidance tests, comparing the performance of mice receiving ´³²â´Ç³Ù¾±á¹£m²¹³ÙÄ« seed oil to those treated with scopolamine alone.

What were the key findings regarding memory enhancement?

Mice receiving ´³²â´Ç³Ù¾±á¹£m²¹³ÙÄ« seed oil showed significant memory enhancement compared to the scopolamine group, with effects comparable to those observed with the known nootropic piracetam.

What further research is suggested based on the study's findings?

Future studies should explore the mechanism of action of ´³²â´Ç³Ù¾±á¹£m²¹³ÙÄ« seed oil and test its nootropic potential using other models of amnesia.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “´³²â´Ç³Ù¾±á¹£m²¹³ÙÄ« seed oil effects on scopolamine-induced amnesia in mice.â€�. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Jyotishmati (Jyotismati, Jyotirmati):
´³²â´Ç³Ù¾±á¹£m²¹³ÙÄ«, also known as Celastrus paniculatus, is a medicinal plant traditionally recognized in Ayurveda for its potential memory-enhancing properties. The seeds yield an oil used in studies demonstrating significant cognitive benefits, particularly in combating memory impairment, notably in models of amnesia induced by substances like scopolamine.

2) Drug:
A drug refers to any substance that, when introduced into the body, alters physiological functions. In the context of the study, C. paniculatus seed oil and piracetam are evaluated for their therapeutic effects as nootropic agents, especially in enhancing memory and learning in laboratory models like mice.

3) Ghi (Ghee):
Ghee, a clarified butter used in Indian cooking and Ayurveda, serves dual purposes in this study: as a vehicle for administering ´³²â´Ç³Ù¾±á¹£m²¹³ÙÄ« oil and as a predicted enhancer of cognitive function. In traditional therapies, ghee is believed to improve the absorption and efficacy of medicinal herbs.

4) Pharmacology:
Pharmacology is the branch of medicine concerned with the study of drug action and how various substances interact with living organisms. This study's pharmacological focus investigates how ´³²â´Ç³Ù¾±á¹£m²¹³ÙÄ« seed oil and piracetam influence memory and cognition, providing insights into their potential applications for treating cognitive disorders.

5) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is an ancient system of medicine originating from India, emphasizing natural remedies and holistic health. This study utilizes Ayurvedic principles by investigating the effects of medicinal plants like ´³²â´Ç³Ù¾±á¹£m²¹³ÙÄ« on cognitive functions and memory, advocating for natural alternatives in treating dementia and other cognitive impairments.

6) Fear:
Fear in the context of the study relates to the emotional response measured in the passive avoidance test, where animals learn to avoid a chamber associated with an electric shock. Evaluating fear-related memory provides insights into protective cognitive functions and potential therapeutic interventions for anxiety and related disorders.

7) Activity:
Activity encompasses the biological effects and mechanisms of action of substances like ´³²â´Ç³Ù¾±á¹£m²¹³ÙÄ« and piracetam in the study. Experimental activity is essential for determining the efficacy of these compounds in enhancing cognitive functions such as memory, thereby establishing their potential therapeutic roles in memory impairments.

8) Nirmala:
Nirmala refers to one of the authors, Nirmala N. Rege, contributing to the research in pharmacology. The experienced involvement of researchers, including Nirmala, ensures comprehensive study design and analysis, facilitating a better understanding of the interaction between ´³²â´Ç³Ù¾±á¹£m²¹³ÙÄ« and cognitive functions in the prescribed experimental models.

9) Water:
Water, referenced in the study, serves as a vehicle for delivering substances like piracetam in the experimental designs. Adequate hydration is crucial for overall physiological processes, including cognition, and serves to provide a controlled environment for administering test compounds effectively in research involving animal models.

10) Mental disorder:
Mental disorder encompasses various conditions resulting in impaired cognitive functions, including dementia, which the study addresses. Understanding memory enhancement through ´³²â´Ç³Ù¾±á¹£m²¹³ÙÄ« and pharmacological interventions highlights the urgent need for alternative treatments for mental disorders faced by aging populations or those with neurodegenerative diseases.

11) Discussion:
The discussion section of the study interprets the results obtained from experimental tests, comparing findings with existing literature. It allows researchers to evaluate the implications of the memory-enhancing effects of ´³²â´Ç³Ù¾±á¹£m²¹³ÙÄ« seed oil, explore potential mechanisms, and suggest future research directions in the field of nootropic agents.

12) Medicine:
Medicine refers to the science and practice of diagnosing, treating, and preventing illnesses. The study evaluates new medicinal approaches using ´³²â´Ç³Ù¾±á¹£m²¹³ÙÄ« seed oil and piracetam in addressing cognitive impairments, highlighting the role of traditional botanical sources in modern therapeutic practices and drug development.

13) Vomiting:
Vomiting is a potential side effect associated with several conventional drugs used to treat conditions like dementia. The study contrasts the reported adverse reactions of existing pharmacological treatments with the more favorable safety profiles observed in the natural compounds being investigated, offering alternative therapeutic insights.

14) Training:
Training pertains to the structured methods utilized in the elevated plus maze and passive avoidance tests to evaluate memory enhancement. The training sessions serve as critical components for observing differences in animal behavior before and after administration of nootropic agents like ´³²â´Ç³Ù¾±á¹£m²¹³ÙÄ« and piracetam.

15) Science (Scientific):
Science encompasses the systematic study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation and experimentation. In the research context, rigorous scientific methodology supports the evaluation of ´³²â´Ç³Ù¾±á¹£m²¹³ÙÄ« seed oil's efficacy in enhancing memory, contributing to potential advancements in therapeutic approaches for cognitive enhancement.

16) Nausea:
Nausea is an unpleasant symptom often accompanying various medical conditions or treatments, particularly those involving pharmacological agents. This study's findings reflect the significance of exploring natural alternatives like ´³²â´Ç³Ù¾±á¹£m²¹³ÙÄ« that may mitigate adverse effects compared to conventional treatments for memory impairments.

17) Smriti (Smrti):
³§³¾á¹›t¾± is a Sanskrit term pertinent to memory, specifically highlighting the cognitive function of recall in the Ayurvedic context. This concept underlines the relevance of ´³²â´Ç³Ù¾±á¹£m²¹³ÙÄ« in promoting cognitive processes related to learning and memory, crucial for addressing disorders like Alzheimer's.

18) Dhriti (Dhrti):
¶Ù³óá¹›t¾± is another Sanskrit concept associated with retention or the process of maintaining information over time. Understanding this aspect of memory emphasizes the importance of ´³²â´Ç³Ù¾±á¹£m²¹³ÙÄ«'s potential role in improving retention capabilities, essential for mitigating cognitive decline and enhancing overall cognitive health.

19) Gupta:
Gupta references the work of Kumar and Gupta within the study, contributing to the academic integrity of the research. Their findings bolster the study's conclusions surrounding the antioxidant properties of ´³²â´Ç³Ù¾±á¹£m²¹³ÙÄ«, adding a scientific basis for its nootropic effects related to cognitive function.

20) Blood:
Blood is significant in the context of pharmacology as it serves as the medium for transporting drugs and nutrients throughout the body. The pathway through the blood-brain barrier is vital for understanding how compounds like ´³²â´Ç³Ù¾±á¹£m²¹³ÙÄ« oil may exert their effects on cognitive functions within the central nervous system.

21) Dava:
Dava refers to a term rooted in Ayurvedic practices, denoting medicinal preparations. In the study, it illustrates the use of natural compounds and their integration into therapeutic frameworks for treating cognitive disorders, thus connecting traditional medicine with contemporary pharmacological research.

22) Post:
Post designates a sequential aspect of research, highlighting actions or tests conducted after the administration of treatments. Understanding post-administration effects is crucial for assessing the efficacy of ´³²â´Ç³Ù¾±á¹£m²¹³ÙÄ« and piracetam in improving memory, thus leading to a comprehensive evaluation of their cognitive enhancement potential.

Other Science Concepts:

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Discover the significance of concepts within the article: �Jyotismati seed oil effects on scopolamine-induced amnesia in mice.�. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:

Oxidative stress, Nootropic activity, Elevated Plus Maze, Transfer latency, Long-term administration, Institutional animal ethics committee, Passive avoidance test, Medhyarasayana, Animal house, Cognitive ability, Memory Enhancing Effect, Scopolamine-induced amnesia, Cognitive disorder, Acute treatment, Neuroprotection, Scopolamine, Piracetam.

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