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Pharmacognostical evaluation of Citrus jambhiri Lush. fruit

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Journal name: Ancient Science of Life
Original article title: Pharmacognostical evaluation of Citrus jambhiri Lush. fruit
The ANSCI is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal focused on Ayurveda and traditional medicines. It publishes original research, reviews, and literary studies linking traditional knowledge with modern science, covering disciplines like botany, ethnomedicine, pharmacology, and clinical research.
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Original source:

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Author:

Swapnil Y. Chaudhari, C. R. Harisha, Ruknuddin Galib, P. K. Prajapati


Ancient Science of Life:

(A quarterly multi-disciplinary scientific research journal in Ayurveda)

Full text available for: Pharmacognostical evaluation of Citrus jambhiri Lush. fruit

Year: 2014

Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA


Summary of article contents:

Introduction

The study focuses on the pharmacognostical evaluation of Citrus jambhiri Lush., known as ´³²¹³¾²úÄ«°ù²¹ ±·¾±³¾²úÅ« in Sanskrit. This medium to large indigenous tree, part of the Rutaceae family, is characterized by its less spiny nature compared to lemon trees. Although it holds significant importance in Ayurvedic pharmaceutical procedures, such as purification and calcination, there has been a lack of detailed pharmacognostical studies on its fruit. The authors aim to establish certain identification standards to support its usage in Ayurvedic medicine.

Identification and Characterization of the Fruit

The research presents an in-depth analysis of the fruit's morphology, histochemistry, and physicochemical properties. Key findings include the presence of prismatic crystals of calcium oxalate, oil globules, and various vessel types within the fruit’s structure, such as pitted and scalariform vessels. The physicochemical analysis revealed critical parameters such as loss on drying (1.1%), ash value (1.4%), alcohol soluble extract (28.6%), and water-soluble extract (53.3%). These details provide a framework for identifying and authenticating the fruit of Citrus jambhiri, thereby enhancing its potential use in pharmacological contexts.

Conclusion

The pharmacognostical study of C. jambhiri Lush. yields essential parameters that can be utilized for the identification and authentication of this pharmaceutical drug. The study highlights distinctive characteristics such as the anatomical structures of parenchyma cells, various crystals, and vascular arrangements, which differentiate Citrus jambhiri from other plant species. The results obtained from this research fill a significant gap in the literature, establishing a standard for future studies on this valuable plant in Ayurvedic practices.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What is the significance of Citrus jambhiri in Ayurveda?

Citrus jambhiri, known as Jambira ±·¾±³¾²úÅ« in Ayurveda, is used in various pharmaceutical procedures like purification and calcination. It is considered important for its therapeutic effects, particularly in treating arthritis and digestive disorders.

What were the key findings from the pharmacognostical evaluation?

The evaluation revealed various characteristics such as calcium oxalate crystals, aerenchyma cells, oil globules, and different types of vessels. Additionally, physicochemical parameters like loss on drying and extract solubility were documented, providing standards for future identification.

How was the Citrus jambhiri fruit studied in this research?

Fresh fruit was collected, and its morphology and organoleptic features were documented. Histochemical tests, powder microscopy, and physicochemical analyses were performed to provide comprehensive data for its identification and authentication.

What are the main components identified in the fruit's structure?

The fruit structure includes parenchyma cells, prismatic calcium oxalate crystals, juicy sacs, and a central axis composed of barrel-shaped cells. These components help in distinguishing Citrus jambhiri from other plant species.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Pharmacognostical evaluation of Citrus jambhiri Lush. fruit�. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is an ancient system of medicine that originated in India, emphasizing the balance of body, mind, and spirit. It incorporates natural remedies, dietary practices, and lifestyle modifications to promote health and well-being. The study mentioned draws from Ayurveda's extensive knowledge on medicinal plants, specifically regarding their pharmacognostical properties.

2) Post:
In the context of this text, 'Post' typically refers to postgraduate studies or education that comes after the completion of an undergraduate degree. This indicates advanced expertise and scholarship, especially in fields such as Ayurveda, where extensive knowledge of herbs and their applications in health is essential.

3) Citrus jambhiri:
Citrus jambhiri, also known as Jambira, is a species of citrus fruit found in India, valued for its medicinal properties in Ayurveda. This fruit is characterized by its unique morphology and phytochemical content, which are researched to establish standards for identification and authenticity in herbal medicine.

4) Pharmacognostical:
Pharmacognostical refers to the study of drugs derived from natural sources, particularly plants. This field examines the identification, extraction, and characterization of medicinal compounds, making it crucial for understanding the efficacy and quality of herbal medicines like Citrus jambhiri in traditional healing practices.

5) Rasashastra (Rasa-shastra, Rasasastra):
¸é²¹²õ²¹Å›Äå²õ³Ù°ù²¹, synonymous with Rasashastra, emphasizes the chemical and alchemical processes involved in Ayurveda, particularly focusing on medicinal preparations from metals and minerals. Its relevance to the study of Citrus jambhiri underscores the integral connection between herbal and mineral-based therapies in traditional healing practices.

6) Bhaishajya (Bhaisajya):
Bhaishajya translates to 'medicine' in Sanskrit and encompasses the holistic understanding of various therapeutic preparations in Ayurveda. It highlights the practice of utilizing herbal substances, including Citrus jambhiri, for health benefits, underscoring the plant's significance in traditional medicine and its pharmacognostical studies.

7) Kalpana:
Kalpana refers to the conceptual formulations or preparations in Ayurveda. It signifies the process of creating specific medicinal mixtures using combinations of herbs. This is essential for devising effective ayurvedic remedies, illustrating how fruits like Citrus jambhiri can be integrated into complex therapeutic practices.

8) Harisha (Harisa):
Harisha is a name associated with one of the authors of the study, indicating their contribution to the research on Citrus jambhiri. This suggests the collaborative effort in examining the pharmacognostical characteristics of the plant, highlighting the importance of scholarly work in advancing herbal medicine knowledge.

9) Jambira:
´³²¹³¾²úÄ«°ù²¹, another term for Citrus jambhiri, highlights the cultural significance of this fruit in traditional medicine. It signifies the necessity for comprehensive studies on its pharmacognostical properties, aiding in mainstreaming the understanding and utilization of this plant in various medicinal contexts.

10) Shodhana (Sodhana):
Åš´Ç»å³ó²¹²Ô²¹ refers to the purification processes in Ayurveda aimed at detoxifying medicinal substances. This method ensures that plant materials, such as Citrus jambhiri, are safe and effective for therapeutic use. Understanding Åš´Ç»å³ó²¹²Ô²¹ is crucial in the preparation of herbal medicines to enhance their healing properties.

11) Marana:
²ÑÄå°ù²¹á¹‡a relates to the calcination or transformation process in Ayurveda, where herbal materials are subjected to specific procedures to enhance their medicinal effects. This is significant in developing reliable medicines, further supporting the importance of pharmacognostical evaluations of Citrus jambhiri for therapeutic applications.

12) Water:
Water is often mentioned in botanical and pharmacognostic studies as a solvent for extracting active ingredients from plant materials. In traditional medicine, the solubility of herbal compounds, including those from Citrus jambhiri in water, determines their bioavailability and effectiveness in therapeutic formulations.

13) Lemon:
Lemon, a widely used fruit, belongs to the same Citrus family as Citrus jambhiri. The comparison highlights the relatedness of plant properties and uses in both culinary and medicinal contexts. Understanding the similarities and differences enhances the pharmacobotanical study of Citrus jambhiri’s applications in Ayurveda.

14) Hand:
Hand often symbolizes manual techniques or practices involved in preparing herbal medicines. In pharmacognosy, the ability to perform careful and precise manipulations in the study and preparation of plant materials, such as Citrus jambhiri, is essential for achieving accurate results and formulations in traditional medicine.

15) Drug:
In this context, a drug refers to any substance used for medicinal purposes, particularly those derived from plants. Understanding the pharmacognostical attributes of substances like Citrus jambhiri is vital for validating their therapeutic efficacy, safety, and resultant application in Ayurvedic practices.

16) Purification:
Purification is a key concept in Ayurveda, crucial for preparing medicinal substances free of toxins and enhancing their therapeutic properties. This practice involves specific processes that enable safe utilization of herbs like Citrus jambhiri, highlighting the significance of pharmacognostical research for effective herbal medicine development.

17) Discussion:
Discussion in the research context refers to the examination and interpretation of findings related to Citrus jambhiri's pharmacognostical evaluation. This section reviews results in light of existing literature, contributing to the advancement of knowledge in herbal medicine and aiding in the establishment of identification standards.

18) Activity:
Activity relates to the bioactive properties or therapeutic effects of herbal substances. In pharmacognosy, determining the biological activity of Citrus jambhiri is critical for understanding its potential health benefits and validating its use in Ayurvedic medicine, supporting its relevance in contemporary herbal therapies.

19) Bhavana (Bha-vana):
µþ³óÄå±¹²¹²Ô²¹ refers to the process of preparing or infusing substances in Ayurveda to enhance their potency. This technique is vital for developing various medicinal formulations, including those using Citrus jambhiri, facilitating the integration of traditional preparation practices into modern pharmacognostical research.

20) Anupana:
´¡²Ô³Ü±èÄå²Ô²¹ refers to the substances used to facilitate the ingestion or absorption of medicinal preparations in Ayurveda. Understanding its relevance in the context of Citrus jambhiri underscores the importance of enhancing the efficacy and bioavailability of herbal formulations in therapeutic practices.

21) Science (Scientific):
Science signifies the systematic study of the natural world, forming the foundation for researching medicinal plants like Citrus jambhiri. Employing scientific methodologies in pharmacognostic evaluations underscores the commitment to obtaining reliable knowledge and standards necessary for the effective application of traditional herbal remedies in modern healthcare.

22) Reason:
Reason pertains to the logical basis for employing particular medicinal substances and practices. In the context of pharmacognosy and Ayurveda, reasoning is important for validating the selection of comparative studies, ensuring that the therapeutic applications of plants like Citrus jambhiri are grounded in evidence-based understanding.

Other Science Concepts:

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Discover the significance of concepts within the article: �Pharmacognostical evaluation of Citrus jambhiri Lush. fruit�. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:

Conflict of interest, Specific gravity, Loss on drying, Ash value, Pharmacognostical evaluation, Botanical identification, Therapeutic purpose, Organoleptic character, Water soluble extract, Total solid content, Alcohol-soluble extract, Institute for Post Graduate Teaching and Research in Ayurveda, Ancient Science of life, Histochemical studies, Oil globules, Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Scalariform vessels, Pitted vessel.

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