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Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for 鈥淭ribal remedies for snakebite from orissa鈥�. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Water:
Water is a critical component in traditional remedies, used for diluting or mixing plant pastes for administration, making the medicine easier to consume. In the context of snakebite treatment, it serves as a medium for delivering herbal ingredients internally, enabling the active compounds from plants to work effectively against venom.

2) Mantra (M膩ntra, Mamtra):
Mantra refers to the chants or incantations used by tribal healers during treatment. These spiritual practices are integral to the healing process, as the tribal people believe that invoking these mantras can aid in protecting the patient and enhancing the effectiveness of the herbal remedies used for snakebites.

3) Arka (膧rka, Ark膩):
Arka is the local name for Calotropis gigantea, a plant used in traditional medicine for snakebite treatment. Its root-bark is prepared into a paste and applied to the affected area, highlighting the importance of local flora in the medicinal practices of tribal communities in Orissa.

4) Uraria lagopodioides:
Uraria lagopodioides, known locally as Ghursae, is a plant whose root paste is utilized in snakebite remedies. Its preparation involves mixing with water and administering orally while also using drops through the nostrils, demonstrating the holistic approach to treatment involving both topical and internal applications.

5) Ocimum sanctum:
Ocimum sanctum, also known as Tulasi, is revered in traditional medicine for its presumed therapeutic effects. In the context of snakebite treatment, it is combined with other roots to extract juice for nasal and oral administration, showcasing the collaborative use of diverse herbs in tribal healing practices.

6) Alangium salviifolium:
Alangium salviifolium, referred to as Dholanku, plays a vital role in a specific herbal preparation with Globba bulbifera for treating snakebites. Its rhizome is pounded together with other plants, highlighting the significance of plant synergy in developing effective traditional remedies by tribal healers.

7) Prishniparni (P峁浥沶ipar峁嚹�, Prishni-parni, P峁涐梗峁噄par峁嚹�):
Prishniparni is the Sanskrit name for Uraria lagopodioides, underlining its importance in Ayurvedic medicine. Its root is used in formulations for snakebite treatment, further emphasizing the cultural and medicinal significance of specific herbs that are rooted in the historical practices of healing in the region.

8) Dronapushpi (Dro峁嘺pu峁�p墨):
Dronapushpi is the Sanskrit name for Leucas cephalotes. This plant is employed in the management of snakebites, applying its pounded leaves with salt locally. Its classification alongside other medicinal plants illustrates the rich botanical knowledge among tribal healers and their reliance on native flora for health remedies.

9) Parijata (P膩rij膩t膩, P膩r墨j膩ta, P膩rij膩ta, Parij膩ta):
Parijata is the Sanskrit term for Nyctanthes arbortristis, a plant used in snakebite treatment. Its fine root paste is administered orally, showcasing how local flora is incorporated into traditional remedies, reflecting both an understanding of physical healing as well as cultural beliefs surrounding plants.

10) Science (Scientific):
In this context, science refers to the systematic study and documentation of traditional medicinal practices, particularly the ethno-botanical research conducted on plant remedies for snakebites. It aims to validate traditional knowledge, providing insights into plant properties and potential therapeutic uses grounded in empirical observation.

11) Tantra (Tantr膩, Tamtra, Tantrism):
Tantra encompasses the esoteric practices and spiritual rituals integral to the healing processes among tribal peoples. Alongside herbal treatments, the belief in tantra illustrates the intertwining of physical and spiritual healing methods, highlighting the holistic worldview prevalent in tribal cultures of Orissa.

12) Tulasi (Tulas墨):
Tulasi is another name for Ocimum sanctum, a plant highly valued in traditional medicine for its therapeutic properties. It is commonly used in combination with other roots in snakebite treatments, showcasing its significance in local health practices and the broader medicinal traditions prevalent in the region.

13) Sharman (艢arma, Sarm膩, Sarma, Sharma, 艢arman):
Sharma, as one of the authors, signifies the scholarly involvement in documenting traditional remedies. The research conducted by Sharma and colleagues is pivotal in recognizing and preserving indigenous knowledge systems related to plant-based treatments, emphasizing the importance of integrating modern scientific study with traditional practices.

14) Ghi (Gh墨, Ghee):
Ghee is clarified butter used as an ingredient in certain remedial preparations, particularly for blending with plant pastes. It serves both as a carrier for medicinal properties and as a soothing agent in topical applications, emphasizing the significance of dietary components in traditional healing methods.

15) Salt (Salty):
Salt is utilized in the preparation of remedies involving plant juices, particularly to enhance their effectiveness. Its presence in the healing processes reflects not only its culinary uses but also its role in traditional medicine, as it may help extract properties from plants or enhance flavors in medicinal mixtures.

16) Drug:
Drug, in this context, refers to the medicinal properties extracted from various plants used in the treatment of snakebites. The plants listed offer specific pharmacological effects believed to counteract venom, emphasizing the reliance on natural substances and the traditional knowledge that informs the use of these 'drugs' in herbal medicine.