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Traces of Mysticism in Jainism (Study)

by Sadhvi Madhystha Prabha | 2021 | 103,765 words

This page relates ‘Labdhi and Mysticism� of the study on the concept of Mysticism in Jainism exploring key concepts such as Jaina metaphysics and Jain ethics. The present research is divided into six chapters, beginning with an introduction to mysticism, examining its characteristics from both Western and Eastern perspectives. Subsequent chapters delve into the mystical aspects of Brahmanic and Shramanic literature, analyzing texts from the Shvetambara and Digambara traditions to unearth traces of Jain mysticism.

4. Labdhi and Mysticism

The aspirant aiming for the state of ³ÕÄ«³Ù²¹°ùÄå²µ²¹ (devoid of passion), °­±ð±¹²¹±ô²¹ÂáñÄå²Ô²¹ (omniscience) followed by ²Ñ´Ç°ìá¹£a (liberation) practices spiritual techniques such as ¶Ù³ó²âÄå²Ô²¹ (meditation), Tapa (penance), µþ³óÄå±¹²¹²ÔÄå (contemplation), self-restraint etc. During this spiritual journey and also at the end of the journey the aspirant encounters supernatural powers known as â€�Labdhi, Ṛd»å³ó¾± or Siddhiâ€� in Jainism and â€�³Û´Ç²µ²¹Âá²¹±¹¾±²ú³óÅ«³Ù¾±â€� in Yoga. The attainment of labdhis were thought of as an essential part of the spiritual process and progress. According to Jainism the labdhis are attained by the Udaya (rise), ±«±è²¹á¹£a³¾²¹ (subsidence), °­á¹£a²â²¹ (destruction) and °­á¹£a²â´Ç±è²¹Å›²¹³¾²¹ (destruction-cum-subsidence) of the Karmas. They all manifest at physical, mental and spiritual level i.e., at the body, mind and soul level. In canons, commentarial and non-canonical text varieties of labdhis are been explained. The number of labdhis ranges from five to fifty.

In this thesis the labdhis are classified from various points. On the basis of its attainment the

labdhis are classified into two:

1. Absolute labdhis;
2. Relative labdhis;

The labdhis attained at the end of spiritual practice, which are purely associated with soul, which are permanent, complete, and independent and attained by the °­á¹£a²â²¹ (destruction) of the karmas are absolute labdhis. The labdhis attained as the byproduct of the spiritual practices, temporary, incomplete and attained by the ±«±è²¹á¹£a³¾²¹ (subsidence), °­á¹£a²â´Ç±è²¹Å›²¹³¾²¹ (destruction-cum-subsidence) or udaya (rise) of the karmas are called as relatives labdhis. The relative and absolute labdhis can be termed as ‘relative mysticism and pure mysticism or absolute mysticism respectively.â€� The attainment of absolute mysticism vanishes all the other relative mystical experiences.

From the point of manifestation at the power at the soul, mind and body level, they are divided into three types:

1. Spiritual labdhis: The labdhis that manifest at the level of soul are spiritual labdhis. They are °­±ð±¹²¹±ô²¹ÂáñÄå²Ô²¹, ´¡±¹²¹»å³ó¾±ÂáñÄå²Ô²¹ and ²Ñ²¹²Ô²¹³ó²¹±è²¹°ù²â²¹±¹²¹ÂáñÄå²Ô²¹.

2. Mental labdhis: The labdhis that manifest at the level of mind are mental labdhis. Bijabuddhi, Paá¹­abuddhi,³§²¹³¾²ú³ó¾±²Ô²Ô²¹Å›°ù´Ç³Ù´Ç±è²¹±ô²¹²ú»å³ó¾±, ±Ê°ù²¹ÂáñÄå²õ°ù²¹±¹²¹²Ô²¹ etc. are categorized as mental labdhis.

3. Physical labdhis: The labdhis that are associated with body or matter are categorized as physical labdhis, Ä€marÅ›a labdhis, Jallausadhi, KÄyabali etc. are the examples of physical labdhis. The following chart details the classification of labdhis.

According to Jainism labdhis are attained by both bhavya and abhavya ÂáÄ«±¹²¹, bhavya ÂáÄ«±¹²¹ can attain all the types of labdhis but abhavya are restricted to some they cannot attain ²¹±¹²¹»å³ó¾±ÂáñÄå²Ô²¹, ²Ñ²¹²Ô²¹á¸¥a±è²¹°ù²â²¹±¹²¹ÂáñÄå²Ô²¹, °ì±ð±¹²¹±ô²¹ÂáñÄå²Ô²¹, ²µ²¹á¹‡a»å³ó²¹°ù²¹ labdhis, caturdaÅ›apurvadhara etc.

According to Jaina scriptures the attainment of labdhi is neither ²õÄå±¹²¹»å³ó²â²¹ and nor nirvadhya. But the application or use or projection of labdhis can be accounted as ²õÄå±¹²¹»å³ó²â²¹ and nirvadhya. The application or use of labdhis with the feeling of °ùÄå²µ²¹ and »å±¹±ðá¹£a cause violence in some forms therefore are regarded as â€�³§Äå±¹²¹»å³ó²â²¹â€� and also bondage of new karmas. Such labdhis are prohibited from the use. The application of the labdhis that leads to the purity of soul by shedding off the karmas, such labdhis are nirvadhya and are not prohibited from use. The labdhis that manifest at the level of body are prohibited from use and the labdhis manifesting at the level of soul and mind are not prohibited as they are supportive for attainment of highest ideal. In technical terms it can be said that the labdhis that is associated with udaya ²ú³óÄå±¹²¹ are prohibited from use as they are obstacle for the attainment of absolute labdhisâ€�°ì±ð±¹²¹±ô²¹ÂáñÄå²Ô²¹ and siddhahood. The labdhis attained by ³Ü±è²¹á¹£a³¾²¹, °ìá¹£a²â²¹ and °ìá¹£a²â´Ç±è²¹Å›²¹³¾²¹ are not obstacle.

Moreover, the relative labdhis are recognized as an obstacle in the spiritual progress only when:

1. The spiritual practices are undertaken with the aim of attainment of labdhis.
2. The aspirants get stuck or attracted to it.
3. The attainment of labdhis is recognized as the end of the spiritual practices.
4. The aspirants make use or display the power for name, fame and attraction.

Therefore, in the various places of the Jaina literature we find the words about the prohibition of its use. It is stated that a wise aspirant, who has belief in the infinite power of the soul’s considers that relative labdhis are dependent, incomplete, temporary, and manifestation of only a part of soul’s infinite power. Such an aspirants remains indifferent from the relative labdhis and move ahead to attain the pure and perfect state of the soul. The aspirants should not make relative labdhis as the goal of their spiritual life but take them as milestone and achieve the highest type of mystical state. On the basis of attainment of labdhis, the mystic is also classified.

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