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Dhanapala has mentioned a number of designations of government officers. It is not easy to exactly determine the actual distinction in the executive function of each of them, and many of the designations seem to be rather synonymous. The following terms have been used for various types of ministers: Pradhana-mantri (62,18), Mahamantri (402,10), Mantri (271,4), Pradhana-saciva (99,4), Saciva (424,18), Pradhana-buddhi-saciva (401,18), Buddhi-saciva (232,16) and Narma-saciva (15,4;272,16). > A feudatory in charge of a province was called Man- daladhipati (321,5), while the one in charge of a district was called Mahasamanta (62,18). Head of a locality of a village was called Gogadhipa (117,20). h The designations of treasury officers were Ratna-kosadhyaksa (81,20; 395,6), and Pradhana-ratnadhyaksa (63,10). A number of military officers and other ranks of different categories are mentioned, such as Senapati (82,5; 86,3; 86,17; 192,1), Senadhipa (89,5; 93,10), Senani (91,11), 56. Tilakamanjari,p.102(14ff.).

657 Sainyadhipati (81.12), Senadhipati (90,4), Dandadhipati (80,15), Mahadandanayaka (71,2), Sainya-nayaka (14,22), Anika-nayaka (187,12), Padati (323,7), Camucara (124,11) Mahamatra (115,19) and Karisadhanadhyaksa (184,4). The trusted subordinate officers of higher dignitaries were known by the general designation. Pradhana-puruga (298,13). Among the naval officers only a few, such as, Karnadhara (127,13) and Kaivarta-tantrasya nayaka (126,19) are mentioned.. Gudhapurusa (80,2ff.) and Duta (321,16) seem to be synonyms for spy, though the last term often indicated a mere messenger also. The officers presiding over matters religious were Dharmadhyaksa (15,3), Purodhas (15,5) and Raja-naimittika (403,11). A host of officers and servants employed for various duties in the court are also mentioned, viz., Aksapatalika (163,13), Kayastha (246,17), Maha-pratihara (100,8), Pratihara (14,22; 60,20), Pratihara-pali (421,23), Pradhanadauvarika (71,6), Pradhana-dvarapali (365,12), Dvarapala (68,20) and Vetradhari (71,11; 340,17). The following were the domestic officers and servants

658 in charge of various tasks in the palace etc.; Pradhanantarvamsika (72,15), Antarvansika (342,43), Kancuki (352,13), Antahpurika (301,4), Suddhacaradatika (373,11), Suddhanta- sayya-palika (72,23), Suddhanta-dasi (373,11) and Bahyaparijana (309,9). ' * There were a number of officers and servants entrusted with security duties in the palace and elsewhere. They = were: Yamangaraksaka (28,14), Angaraksa (15,2), Sakalakosagara-raksadhikara-niyukta Palika (341,14ff.), Sariraraksadhikara-nujukta-purusa (80,7ff.), Anga-raksadhikaraniyukta. Amgana (341,24) and Sthapatya (15,1). Chatradhari (233,7ff.), Camaragraha (15,2), Patadgrahaka (233,15), and Vari-karaka-vahaka (233,16) were personal servants of the royal personages.