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492
A CRITICAL STUDY OF PAUMACARIYA峁�
stars of the Great Bear. In the Rgveda (IV. 42.8) They are numbered.
as seven, are associated with gods (X.109.4) and are called divine
(X.130.7). The Satapatha Br膩hma峁嘺 for the first time conceives them
as the constellations of the Great Bear (2.1.2.4). In the B峁沨adaranyaka
Upanisad (2.2.6) they are named as Gautama, Bharadv膩ja, Vi艣v膩mitra,
Jamadagni, Vasistha, Kasyapa and Atri. They are often referred to as
the mind-born sons of Brahma and their reference is available in the
Mah膩bh膩rata and the Pur膩峁嘺s (Vayu & Vis峁噓) with some difference
in number going upto nine and their names also鹿. But none of their
names is indentical with those of the PCV.
Brahmanical Rituals:
The PCV reveals that Brahmin Kapila used to go to the forest
every morning to gather 'Ku艣a' grass, fire sticks and fruits. His abode
is called Agnihotrag峁沨a (35.5,7,9,27). It indicates that every morning
and evening oblations were poured into the sacred fire. The
domestic fire was the essential feature of the Vedic rituals, because
all the rituals for householders centred round the worship of the fire
to which oblations were offered虏.
Deity worship:-The deities which have been referred to as held
in reverence by the followers of Brahmanism are Caturmukha, Indra
Skanda, Rudra and Soma.
Caturmukha:鈥昑he PCV (11.72) mentions that he expounded the
Yaj帽as (killing of animals in sacrifices) as described in the Vedas.
According to the Brahmanical tradition he is the first member of the
Hindu triad and the active creator of the universe. Originally he
had five hands but one of them was destroyed by the fire emitting
from the central eye of 艢iva when the former showed disrespect to
the latter. His name is not found in the Vedas and the Br膩hma峁嘺s in
which the active creator is Hiranyagarbha. According to the
R膩m膩ya峁嘺 he sprang from the ether on earth which originated from
water, the first element of creation. In the Mahabharata he is said
to have sprung from the navel of Vis峁噓. In the Pur膩峁嘺s he is held
inferior to Vis峁噓 and the Saiva authorities regard Mahadeva as the
creator of Brahm膩.鲁
The PCV while critisizing the persons who are not celibate, who
indulge in injurious activities, but pretend to be Br膩hma峁嘺s, refers.
to Skanda (khanda), Indra and Rudra (105.49) as the persons who
1. OP. Cit. J. Dowson, p. 268.
2. SRL Gr, p. 207;
3. Dowson, p.56.