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SOCIAL CONDITIONS 399 (3) The assistance and the intimidation of the celestial beings:鈥� The
Paumacariyam reveals that the celestial beings, in various ways,
helped those human beings who were the benefactors of the former or
their relatives in this or the previous birth. Rama and Lak峁�ma峁嘺 had
saved two monks from the tortures of a celestial being (39.98), hence
the Garu岣嵞乨hipati (Sura) who was the father of those two monks in his
previous birth helped R膩ma and Lak峁�ma峁嘺 with many divine weapons
(59.78; 60.2) to set free Bh膩ma峁囜笉ala and Sugr墨va from the enemy.
When some R膩k峁�asa princes attacked the country of R膩ma, two celestial
beings (Ja峁�膩yu and K峁泃antavadana) who were associated with R膩ma in
their previous life, chased off the enemies and thus helped their
master (113.22). Camara, a celestial being favoured king Madhu
with a very powerful divine weapon, because in their previous birth
the latter had helped the former (12.7-34).
On the other hand the celestial beings harassed and punished
their enemies. Analaprabha, a Jyoti峁�ika god who in his previous birth
was killed by Kulabh奴峁�a峁嘺 and De艣abh奴峁�a峁嘺, created scorpions and
snakes to frighten and obsruct the latter from attaining Kevala (39. 16-
17; 46.119). Similarly Dharanendra snatched away the Vidy膩s from a
king who was his enemy in his previous birth (5. 25-38). R膩k峁�as墨
Vidyunmukhi oppressed Muni Sakalabh奴峁�a峁嘺 falsely charging him
with theft and causing various disturbances to him (101. 54-68)
because she was expelled by him, his husband in her previous birth. A
Bhavanav膩sin Deva tortured a king because he as a monkey in his
previous birth was killed by that king (6. 102-111). Celestial Camara
spread epidemic and caused many deaths to oppress Satrughna, be-
cause the latter had killed the former's friend king Madhu (87.17).
(4) The work of evil spirits :-Evil spirits such as the Grahas, Bh奴tas
the Pisacas, the V盲navyantaras, the Dakinis, the Brahmar膩k峁�asas are
said to be frightening and obstructing persons acquiring supernatural
powers (7.66) or the monks devoted in meditation (105.33) by conjuring
dreadful animals and terrorising scenes (39.24-28). Those who did not
get disturbed by them emerged successful.
(D) Superhuman powers
The PCV reveals that the people of ancient India had great faith
in the efficacy of superhuman powers.
These powers are called
峁歞dhis and Vidy膩s. The former were the potentialities of the souls
spiritually advanced. The latter were supernatural powers which could
be acquired even by ordinary persons. The possessors of the 峁歞dhis
and the Vidy膩s performed miracles and affected the day to day life of
the people.