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The present work was prepared by way of a thesis and was accepted by the University of Bombay for the degree of Ph. D., in ArdhaMagadhi in December, 1962 In this volume I have made a humble attempt to study the Desya and rare material contained in the three Apabhramsa works of Puspadanta. I have also attempted here to study the character, scope and function of the Desya element in Middle Indo-Aryan. The first part I have divided the present work into two parts consists of the Introduction which deals with the discussion of Desi in general and the collected Desya data in particular and of the conclusions derived therefrom. The second part presents all the Desya and rare words under study with critical and comparative notes on their meanings and interpretations. Appendix I gives the Desi and rare words exclusive to Nayakumaracariu and Jasaharacariu and Appendix II presents rare words found in the old glosses of the works under study. I have also given an alphabetical reference Index of all the words discussed. For the sake of convenience of reference the words in the Appendices are numbered in continuation of the words in the main thesis. Words given in Appendix II are marked with an asterisk in the beginning. While preparing this work I have consulted the valuable contributions of several authors. For my work I have used Mahapurana and Jasaharacariu edited by Dr. P. L. Vaidya and Nayakumaracariu edited by Dr. Hiralal Jain. I have also made use of Desinamamala edited by Prof. P. V. Ramanujaswami and Hemacandra's Prakrit Grammar edited by Dr. P. L. Vaidya. I have constantly consulted various other works, most important among these being the three volume of Paumacariu edited by Dr. H. C. Bhayani and Karaka mdacariu edited by Dx Hiralal Jain. 1 = 1 gzyr In the beginning I had the intention of quoting original passages from various Apabhramsa and Prakrit works in support of the interpretation of the words under study. But, later on, as the bulk of the work grew beyond expectation, I had to curb my temptation of including them. So also it was not possible for me to make use of Dr. Bhayani's "Studies in Hemacandra's Desinamamala (1965) as it became accessible to me when a large part of the present work was already in print.

8 In the end there remains for me the pleasant duty of acknowledging the help that I received in the preparation of this work. In the first place I must express my deep sense of gratitude to my revered Guru Professor Dr. Harivallabh C Bhayani, to work under whom is a rare privilege. I consider myself to be exceptionally fortunate in having enjoyed this. Had it not been for his invaluable guidance, critical direction, resourceful help, indefatigable zeal and constant encouragement this work would never have been completed. I sincerely believe that all the credit for this attempt goes to my honoured Professor Dr Bhayani, while I humbly accept all the blame for the deficiencies therein. I must also express my gratitude to our late revered Guruji Prof. H. D Velankar for his valuable suggestions and advice and paternal interest and Dr N. I. Pandya, the Librarian of the Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, Bombay, for his kind help in making readily available all the books I needed. I am thankful to my referee Prof. Dr. Hiralal Jain for his critical appreciation of my work. I am grateful to Prof. M. A. Krishnaswamy for sponsoring this work and presenting it to the consideration of Bangalore University. I AM THANKFUL TO THE AUTHORITIES OF BANGALORE UNIVERSITY FOR RECOGNISING THE NEED FOR THE PUBLICATION OF THIS WORK AND FOR HAVING MADE A GENEROUS GRANT OF RS 2,500/- by way of subvention towords its publication. I also express my sincere gratitude to Prof. Dalsukhbhai Malvania and the L D Institute of Indology, Ahmedabad, who came forward generously to meet all the remaining cost of publication and thus enabled me to put this work before the scholars. I am much indebted to all the authors whose works I have consulted, referred to or quoted from, mention of which will be found in the Bibliography. I would be failing in my duty H-I do not give expression to my feeling of obligation to the Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan which provided me all the facilities for carrying on this research work. f Bangalore Ratna Nagesh Shriyan