Book Reviews Acta Orientalia 23
Journal name: Acta Orientalia
Original article title: Book Reviews Acta Orientalia 23
ACTA ORIENTALIA is a journal focused on the study of Oriental languages, history, archaeology, and religions from ancient times to the present. The journal includes articles reviewed by a senior scholar in the relevant field.
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Acta Orientalia
Acta Orientalia:
(Founded in 1922 and published annually)
Full text available for: Book Reviews Acta Orientalia 23
Year: 1958 | Doi: 10.5617/ao.5308
Copyright (license): CC BY 4.0
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The text primarily comprises reviews of various scholarly books and studies ranging from critical examinations of ancient biblical texts to explorations of early Islamic humor and Egyptian art. The contributions emphasize the importance of understanding the social, historical, and cultural contexts behind these texts. Each review provides insights into the content and significance of the works while acknowledging the authors' efforts in advancing their respective fields of study.
The Rhythm in Biblical Studies: A Critical Examination
One of the significant contributions detailed in the reviews is Arvid Bruno's series of studies on the Hebrew Bible, specifically his rhythmical and text-critical examination of the books of Isaiah, Genesis-Exodus, Jeremiah, and Psalms. Bruno seeks to ascertain whether a consistent system of accented and unaccented words can be identified within the biblical texts. His analysis implies that, without arbitrary alterations, one may delineate the rhythmic structures inherent in these texts. This initial study sets the stage for further examinations of other Old Testament writings, promising a deeper understanding of the literary craftsmanship involved.
Humor in Early Islamic Culture: Ash'ab the Jester
Another noteworthy concept is Frantz Rosenthal's exploration of humor in early Islam through the character of Ash'ab, a joker and singer from Medina during the 9th century. Rosenthal compiles a collection of anecdotes that illuminate Ash'ab's dual role as both a social entertainer and a reflection of societal norms. The review highlights how Ash'ab's character embodies exaggerated traits that elicit humor while revealing cultural attitudes towards social classes and gender relations. This study provides a unique lens to view social interactions and humor dynamics in early Islamic society, particularly in contrast to European medieval jesters.
The Art and Architecture of Ancient Egypt
The text also emphasizes the academic exploration of Egyptian art and architecture, particularly through Walther Wolf and W. Stevenson Smith's works. Wolf's analysis of ancient Egyptian art chronicles its evolution from prehistoric times to the late periods, contextualizing artistic developments alongside political changes. Stevenson Smith's book, on the other hand, serves as a valuable reference for students and enthusiasts of ancient Near Eastern art, tracing the architectural and artistic lineage from the Old Kingdom through the New Kingdom. Both reviews underscore the rigorous scholarship contributing to the understanding of ancient Egyptian culture and its lasting influence.
Linguistic Studies of Early Chinese Texts
The discussions further include Nicholas Cleaveland Bodman's linguistic study of the Shih Ming, an early Chinese dictionary that aims to reconstruct older stages of the Chinese language. Bodman's work is noteworthy for its incorporation of diverse scholarly theories and presents a refreshing perspective on Sino-Japanese relations during the Ming dynasty. The reviews poignantly address the value of linguistic studies in unraveling historical language contexts, contributing to a broader appreciation of the intricate relationship between language and culture in ancient societies.
Conclusion
Overall, these reviews encapsulate significant scholarly endeavors aimed at exploring various aspects of ancient texts and cultures. From rhythmical studies of biblical texts to the joyful narratives of early Islamic humor, the exploration of Egyptian art, and the linguistic analyses of Chinese texts, each study contributes to a more nuanced understanding of the complexities within ancient civilizations. These scholarly contributions not only enhance the academic discourse but also underscore the continual relevance of historical and cultural studies in interpreting the past.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the main focus of Arvid Bruno's books?
Arvid Bruno's works examine the rhythmical and textual criticism of various Old Testament books, aiming to determine if a consistent system of stressed and unstressed words can be discerned in the texts.
Who is the subject of Frantz Rosenthal's book?
Frantz Rosenthal's book centers on Ash'ab, a well-known joker in early Islam, providing translations of his anecdotes and insights into social life during that period.
What does Walther Wolf's book on Egyptian art cover?
Walther Wolf's book offers a comprehensive analysis of Egyptian art's evolution from prehistoric times to the late periods, emphasizing the artistic development in relation to historical context.
What type of research is presented in Nina Pilszczikowa's work?
Nina Pilszczikowa's research focuses on the verbal system of the Hausa language, compiling existing theories and presenting clear material analysis to inspire further study.
What literature does the Harvard-Yenching Institute Monograph Series cover?
The series encompasses various aspects of Chinese literature and history, including translations and studies of significant texts that explore cultural and administrative developments in China.
What is the significance of Ennin's travels in China?
Ennin's travels document daily life in 9th-century China, providing a unique foreign perspective; it includes detailed translations of his experiences and extensive annotations for contextual understanding.
What is explored in Torgny Säve-Söderbergh's study of Theban tombs?
Torgny Säve-Söderbergh's study offers new insights into previously unpublished Eighteenth Dynasty tombs in Thebes, highlighting notable findings and artistic representations found during excavations.
Glossary definitions and references:
Oriental and Historical glossary list for “Book Reviews Acta Orientalia 23�. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of History, Linguistics, Religion, Philosophy, Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism etc.
1) Book:
The text provides numerous references to various scholarly works, underscoring the importance of textual analysis and documentation in academic research. Each 'Book' contributes valuable insights into fields such as history, linguistics, archaeology, and art history, reflecting the diverse academic landscape that informs our understanding of ancient civilizations.
2) China:
China is a central theme throughout the text, with discussions on its historical dynasties, cultural practices, and notable figures. The linguistic, archaeological, and philosophical contributions from this region offer critical perspectives on broader themes of civilization, governance, and cultural exchange, particularly during the Ming and Tang dynasties.
3) Literature:
Literature is emphasized as a crucial vehicle of cultural and historical expression, evident in the analysis of vernacular works and translations of classical texts. The text shows literature's role in shaping societal norms and facilitating the education of future generations, while also serving as a repository of knowledge.
4) Dynasty:
The term 'Dynasty' reflects the historical governance structures prevalent in ancient civilizations, particularly in reference to regimes such as the Tang and Ming in China. Dynasties defined political, cultural, and social frameworks, influencing the development of art, architecture, and the administrative state, which are core themes in the text.
5) Knowledge:
Knowledge is portrayed as foundational to the academic pursuits represented in the text, highlighting the systematic accumulation and transmission of information across disciplines. The quest for knowledge drives scholarly investigation, revealing insights into civilizations, languages, and art, and underscores the importance of historical context in interpretation.
6) Language:
Language is a vital theme in the text, connecting cultures and ideas across time. It serves not only as a means of communication but also as a tool for expressing identity and facilitating education. Various languages, including Arabic and Chinese, play crucial roles in shaping literary traditions and scholarly discourse.
7) Temple:
Temples play a significant role in the cultural and religious life of ancient civilizations, often serving as the center for worship and community identity. The text references significant temples and their architectural features, emphasizing their importance in understanding religious practices, artistic expression, and social structure in ancient societies.
8) Future:
The concept of the 'Future' highlights the ongoing relevance of historical study and the importance of preserving knowledge for subsequent generations. The discussions underscore the necessity of understanding the past as a means to inform contemporary discourse and ensure that scholarly work continues to evolve in relevance.
9) Egypt:
Egypt is spotlighted through its rich artistic and historical heritage, particularly regarding its contributions to art and architecture. The text examines significant works and archaeological findings, illuminating the significance of ancient Egyptian civilization and its influence on subsequent cultures and the understanding of historical narratives.
10) Ying:
Ying references a historical figure or concept central to the discourse. It highlights the linchpin that the character plays in the broader narrative, often connecting dynastic relations and governance themes. The context involving 'Ying' reflects on cultural and philosophical dialogues within and outside the civilization.
11) King:
The role of the 'King' is essential in understanding governance, authority, and political dynamics within the civilizations discussed. Kings often embody the historical narrative, symbolizing the intertwining of power, divinity, and culture, influencing art, literature, and societal norms as depicted throughout the text.
12) Pari:
Pari likely refers to a person, place, or context relevant within the scholarly discussions. Its inclusion indicates an interaction or significance that connects themes of trade, governance, or cultural exchange, emphasizing the importance of regional connections within the broader historical and cultural narrative.
13) Shun (Sun):
Shun relates to specific historical narratives and possibly to a ruler or time period that significantly impacted Chinese history. The discussions surrounding 'Shun' bring to light the interplay between leadership, politics, and societal structure, emphasizing the dynamic between rulers and the populace across historical contexts.
14) City:
The term 'City' signifies urban development, highlighting how cities serve as cultural, economic, and political hubs within ancient civilizations. The text references archaeological evidence from cities that reveals insights into social organization, architecture, and daily life, showcasing the complexity of urban centers in historical narratives.
15) Arabic literature:
Arabic literature is examined within the context of its rich narrative traditions, reflecting the cultural heritage of the Islamic world. The text discusses specific authors and works, emphasizing the impact of humor, storytelling, and philosophical thought in shaping societal values and historical perceptions.
16) Fortification:
Fortification refers to the systems and structures built for defense, which are critical in understanding military architecture and strategies in historical contexts. The text highlights archaeological findings that reveal the complexities of social and political power as reflected in fortifications throughout various civilizations.
17) Civilization:
Civilization embodies the broader dynamic interplay of culture, governance, social systems, and technological advancements. The text's exploration of various civilizations offers a comparative analysis, revealing the interconnectedness of historical narratives and the continuous evolution of societal structures and cultural practices.
18) Impartiality (Impartial):
Impartiality is essential in scholarly work, particularly in historical analysis, where objectivity in interpreting texts and artifacts preserves the integrity of academic inquiry. The text emphasizes the need for balanced perspectives in examining different sources and narratives to provide a holistic view of history.
19) Pilgrimage:
Pilgrimage reflects the spiritual and cultural journeys taken by individuals seeking religious understanding or enlightenment. The text discusses historical pilgrimages, particularly in the context of Buddhism, revealing their roles in cultural exchange and the spread of ideas across regions.
20) Revolution:
Revolution denotes significant societal transformations, especially those influenced by cultural and political shifts. The text explores literary revolutions in China and their impacts on vernacular works, emphasizing how these changes inform broader historical narratives and the evolution of cultural identities.
21) Evolution:
Evolution defines the gradual development of cultures, ideas, and art forms over time. The text discusses how civilizations adapt and transform, revealing the importance of historical continuity and change in understanding the complexities of cultural heritage and societal progression.
22) Education:
Education is highlighted as a core theme in shaping civilizations, reflecting the transmission of knowledge across generations. The text discusses educational practices and their significance in fostering intellectual thought and cultural identity, illustrating the foundational role of learning in societal development.
23) Foreigner:
Foreigner signifies the intercultural interactions and exchanges between different civilizations, emphasizing the dynamics of trade, diplomacy, and conflict. The text explores the roles of foreigners in historical narratives, illustrating their influence on social structures and cultural practices through imported ideas and technologies.
24) Confucianism (Confucian tradition):
Confucian refers to the philosophical system that greatly influenced Chinese culture and governance. The text highlights key concepts of Confucianism and its impact on social order, ethics, and education, illustrating how these ideals shaped the dynamics of historical narratives and societal norms.
25) Painting:
Painting serves as a significant artistic expression within cultural narratives, representing both aesthetic and political dimensions. The text examines various styles and techniques used throughout history, emphasizing how painting embodies complex societal values and reflects broader historical contexts.
26) Merchant:
Merchant denotes individuals engaged in trade, crucial for economic development and cultural exchange. The text discusses the roles of merchants in history, highlighting their significance in spanning cultural connections and the dynamics of power and wealth in ancient societies.
27) Critique:
Critique encompasses the analytical examination of texts, practices, and cultural artifacts, facilitating deeper understanding and dialogue. The text advocates for critical engagement with sources to uncover nuanced interpretations, thus contributing to the evolving discourse within various academic fields.
28) Buddhism (Buddhist tradition):
Buddhism emerges as a pivotal religious and philosophical system impacting cultural landscapes across Asia. The text explores its historical development, interconnections with other traditions, and the unique adaptations in different regions, emphasizing the religion's role in shaping societal values and artistic expressions.
29) Costume:
Costume refers to the clothing styles that reflect cultural identities and social hierarchies. The text discusses how costumes signify status, tradition, and artistic expression, serving as visual representations of historical narratives within ancient civilizations.
30) Student:
Student is indicative of the role of learners in perpetuating knowledge and cultural practices. The text underscores the importance of education in shaping individual and collective identities, illustrating how students contribute to the transmission of tradition and learning within society.
31) Weapon:
Weapon signifies the tools of conflict and defense that shaped societal dynamics and power structures. The text discusses archaeological findings related to weaponry, providing insights into military practices and the broader implications of warfare within historical contexts.
32) Coffin:
Coffin symbolizes death and the cultural practices surrounding burial rituals. The text examines archaeological discoveries related to coffins, revealing their significance in demonstrating societal beliefs about the afterlife and the artistry associated with funerary traditions.
33) Colour (Color):
Colour conveys both aesthetic and symbolic meanings in art and culture. The text emphasizes how colours in art and artifacts serve to express cultural identity, convey messages, and evoke emotional responses, reflecting the broader contexts of historical narratives.
34) Taoism (Taoist tradition, Daoist tradition, Daoism):
Taoist pertains to practitioners and teachings of Taoism. The discussion includes the interpretations and practices derived from this philosophy, illustrating how Taoist beliefs have shaped cultural practices, ethics, and artistic expressions in the context of Chinese history.
35) Kunde (Kumde, Kundé):
Kunde, if referring to the study of East Asian cultures, denotes the academic exploration of cultural dynamics and exchanges. The text emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary approaches in understanding historical narratives and the interactions among various cultures.
36) Queen:
Queen signifies female authority and power within historical contexts, highlighting women's roles in governance and society. The text mentions specific queens, illustrating their influence on political dynamics, cultural practices, and the social structures of their time.
37) Money:
Money encompasses the systems of currency and trade that reflect economic structures and social interactions. The text discusses monetary practices, illustrating their significance in shaping societal relations, facilitating commerce, and impacting cultural exchanges throughout history.
38) House:
House symbolizes both physical dwelling and social structure, reflecting cultural norms and values. The text examines different types of houses and their significance in historical contexts, revealing insights into domestic life, social hierarchies, and architectural innovations.
39) Humour (Humor):
Humor emerges as a cultural expression that reflects social dynamics and historical contexts. The text discusses the role of humor in literature, particularly in Islamic traditions, illustrating how it serves as a lens for understanding cultural interactions and societal norms.
40) River:
River signifies both geographical features and cultural significance, often representing life, commerce, and spirituality in ancient narratives. The text explores various rivers' historical implications, highlighting their roles in shaping trade routes, settlements, and cultural exchanges.
41) Court:
Court refers to the royal or noble households that served as centers of political power and culture. The text underscores the importance of courts in governance, revealing their roles in shaping social norms, diplomacy, and artistic expressions.
42) Human:
Human denotes the centrality of individuals in shaping historical narratives, reflecting the complexities of social dynamics and cultural identities. The text emphasizes the role of human agency in various contexts, illustrating the interconnectedness of individual actions and broader societal developments.
43) Gari:
Gari may refer to a specific term or context within the text, representing a concept or figure significant to the cultural or historical discussion presented. Its relevance reflects the diverse cultural narratives and interactions among various traditions represented.
44) Ting:
Ting likely refers to a historical figure, concept, or item relevant within cultural discussions. Its significance ties to broader themes of governance, culture, or historical exchange, impacted by the particular narrative contexts presented in the scholarly texts.
45) Poem:
Poem signifies an artistic expression through language that encapsulates cultural and emotional sentiments. The text discusses various poetry forms, exploring their role in historical narrative, cultural tradition, and societal reflection across different civilizations.
46) Clay:
Clay represents both a material and artistic medium used in various cultures to create artifacts. The text highlights archaeological findings related to clay, illustrating its role in artistic expression, technological development, and cultural identity formation within ancient societies.
47) Gold (Golden):
Gold symbolizes wealth, power, and cultural significance. The text references archaeological discoveries involving gold artifacts, revealing insights into economic practices, societal values, and the artistic expressions reflective of both prosperity and ritualistic importance.
48) Wolf:
Wolf may refer to a historical figure, metaphor, or literary context significant within the text's narratives. Its inclusion underscores themes of cultural significance and the interplay of folklore, myth, or individual impact within broader historical frameworks.
49) Soil:
Soil serves as a foundational element for agriculture and civilization development. The text discusses the significance of soil in supporting human life and cultural practices, revealing connections between environmental factors and the growth of societies throughout history.