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The Development of the Regional Phases of the Temple 53 practice of the Jains themselves of pulling down their temples
when decayed and erecting new ones in their places, many of
the walls bearing evidences of this, as they reveal stones of
earlier structures having been built into them. As, they exist at
present, these religious sites are surrounded by embattled
walls, with their interiors divided up into tuks or wards, like
each tuk having massive
the inner courts of fortified cities,
circular bastions at its angles, entry being obtained through
storng gateways.
These temple-cities, are laid out on no specific plan, the
buildings being arranged on such level spaces as the contours
of the hill naturally provide. They contain several hundreds
of edifices. Although many of the temples may seem
complicated in appearance, each is designed as a rule, on the
principles common to the relegious architecture of the late
medieval period, the elaborations being due to such factors.
as the addition of numerous supplementary shrines, to the
application of double stories, and to the practice of imposing
pillared cloisters around larger examples. In the jain temples
one variation in the general scheme of the temple is noticeable
and that is the frequent production of a class of temple known
as Chaumukha or four faced. The chaumukha is a quadruple
image, or a group of four images either of one Tirthanka峁沘, or
of four different Tirthankaras placed back to back so as to face
the four cardinal points. Such a plan necessiated a shrine
chamber with four door ways which effected both the design
of the sanctuaries and the shape of the vimana as a whole 10
Two of the most important temple cities are on mountains
in Saurastra, one being on Satrunjaya11 and the other on
Girnar. 12 The largest of all is that of Satrunjaya, south of town
of Palitana. Out of large number of shrines of various shapes
9. IABH. p. p. 162.
10. |ABH p. p. 162.
11. IABH p. plt. CIV. A
12. IABH. plts. Clll Fig. 1 CIV. Fig. 2.