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whether earth is eternal or not. Because it will be non-eternal if smell is not
present in eternal things and it will be eternal if smell is not present in non-
etenal things.
68 Kesava Misra has follwed the V膩rtikak膩ra and has summerised his
views as above mentioned way. The modern Naiyayikas would limit sa峁僺aya
to two varieties, the first arising from the grasp of sadh膩ra峁嘺dharma and the
second arising from that of as膩dh膩ra峁嘺dharma.
69 Tarka or Hypothetical Reasoning or Ratiotination
In ordinary parlence 鈥榯arka' means 'argument'. But, here, it is used in a
highly technical sense. It is a type of implicative argument by which we may
test the validity of the conclusion of any reasoning. It is defined as the
'prasanjana' of an inadmissible negation from the two negations having equal
force on account of their being in the same space and time. 70 Tarka is a
particular type of reasoning. It is not based on any perception. It is like this,
we see a mass of smoke rising from distant house and say that the house has
caught fire. A friend contradicts this and says that there is no fire. Now we
argue: if there is no fire there cannot be smoke. Thus, with regard to the
inference of fire from the perception of smoke, there are two alternative
positions, namely, that the smoky object is fiery, and that it is not fiery. From
the latter position we deduce the proposition that the object is not smoky
68.
TB. p.224.
69.
BP. under k. 130.
70.
ani峁ａ弓a-vy膩paka prasa帽ja峁� tarka岣� tulyatven膩bh膩 vayo岣� praty膩bh膩va
vacana峁� prasanjanam. SPI. p.81.