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394
STUDIES IN THE UPAPUR膧峁咥S
in his D膩nas膩gara and testifies to the fact that it attained the
position of an authoritative work in his time". Hence the
present Bhavi峁�yottara must be dated earlier than 900 A.D.
As this work is remarkably free from Tantric influence", it
should be dated not later than 800 A.D., because from an
examination of other Puranic works we have found that
Tantric influence began to be imbibed appreciably by the
Pur膩峁嘺s from about 800 A.D.72.
Again, the Bhavi峁�yottara mentions the R膩m膩ya峁嘺,
Mah膩bh膩rata and Harivamsa 73, knows the names of the
zodiacal signs (r膩艣i)" and the week-days, and gives the list
of Vis峁噓's ten incarnations (including K峁涐梗峁嘺, Buddha and
Kalkin) in more places than one". (From an examination
of the different lists of Vis峁噓's incarnations we have seen that
the Buddha began to be regarded as an incarnation of Vi峁ａ箛u
from about 550 A.D."). In Bhav. IV. 8. 1-2 Yudhi峁ａ弓hira
requests K峁涐梗峁嘺 to speak on the vratas relating to Brahm膩,
Isa, Ke艣ava, Gauri and others, but in the present Bhavi-
syottara there is not even a single vrata in which Brahm膩
figures as the principal deity. On the other hand, he is
found to occupy a secondary position in many of the vows
and donations. So, at the time of compilation of the present
* D膩nas膩gara, p. 7 (verse 61)鈥攂havi峁�yottaram 膩c膩ra-prasiddham avirodhi ca /
pr膩m膩峁噛a-j帽膩pak-膩d峁涐梗峁璭r granth膩d asm膩t p峁泃hak k峁泃am //
11 The mantras to be used in worships connected with vows, donations etc. are, in
all cases, Vedic or Pur膩峁噄c or both. In a few cases the use of the sectarian mantras such
as 鈥榦m namo n膩r膩ya峁嚹亂a' and 鈥榦m namo bhagavate v膩sudev膩ya鈥�, has also been prescri-
bed, but in no case there is even a single mention of any Tantric mantra. Performance
of ny膩sas has been prescribed only in one place, viz., in Bhav. IV. 83. 14, but we have
already said that this chapter (83) might have been taken at a later date from the present
痴补谤腻丑补-辫.
"Hazra, Pur膩峁噄c Records, pp. 260-261.
** Bhav. IV. 58. 63 (pradyumn膩di-putra-vargam harivamse yathoditam); 74. 47
(harivam艣膩dika峁� sarva峁�. 路 路 /saupar峁噄kam ath膩khy膩nam bh膩rat膩khy膩nam eva ca//);
140.71 (r膩m膩ya峁嘺m iva subhagam鈥︹��..); 174. 15 (pur膩峁嘺m bh膩ratam v膩pi r膩m膩ya峁嘺m
ath膩pi v膩).
** Bhav. IV. 55. 15-16; 70. 4; 118. 56b-57a; 122. 20; 125. 2; 138. 13; and so on.
75 Bhav. IV. 30. 5; 32. 12; 59. 2; 75. 4; 89. 25; 103. 28; 111. 49; 113. 2; 115. 3-4;
170. 21; and so on.
** Bhav. IV. 63. 23 (this list excludes Para艣ur膩ma but includes R膩ma i.e. Balar盲ma);
chap. 83; 190. 6b-7a. See also Bhav. IV. 85. 10 (da艣膩vat膩ra-r奴p膩峁噄......); and 76. 44
(in which all of the ten incarnations, except Buddha and Kalkin, have been mentioned).
77 See Hazra, Pur膩峁噄c Records, pp. 41-42.