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378
STUDIES IN THE UPAPUR膧峁咥S
to be worshipped, but there is not a single vrata which requires
the worship of Brahm膩 as the principal deity. Among the
Vai峁ａ箛ava vratas there are some which seem to be P膩帽car膩tra
and some appear to be Bh膩gavata. This distinction seems
to be indicated by the Mula-mantras mentioned in connec-
tion with them. For instance, in the Govinda-艣ayan-
otth膩pana-dv膩da艣墨-vrata (chap. 70), Suk峁泃a-dv膩da艣墨-vrata
(chap. 82), Dhara峁嚹�-vrata (chap. 83) and K膩ma-d膩na-ve艣y膩-
vrata (chap. 111) the Mula-mantra 鈥榦m namo n膩r膩ya峁嚹亂a'
is directed to be used, but in the Bhi峁�ma-pa帽caka-vrata
(chap. 72), 艢rava峁嘺-dv膩da艣墨-vrata (chap. 75) and Sanai艣cara-
vrata (chap. 114) the Mula-mantra to be used is 鈥榦m namo
v膩sudev膩ya' or '鈥榦m namo bhagavate v膩sudev膩ya'. The
Saura Vratas, on the other hand, differ in their media of
worship of the Sun-god. Thus, in the Visoka-峁�a峁ａ弓hi-vrata
and the Kamala-峁�a峁ａ弓hi-vrata the medium of worship is
a golden lotus (k膩帽cana padma, haima-padma); in the
Kaly膩峁嘺-saptami-vrata and the Sarkar膩-saptam墨-vrata, as
described in Bhav. IV. 48 and 49 respectively, the figure of
an eight-petalled lotus has to be painted on the ground with
powdered rice dried in the sun or with saffron for the worship
of the Sun-god in the different petals and the pericarp with
"k膩rttikey膩d 峁泃e n膩nyo r膩j帽膩m p奴jya岣� pravak峁�yate //
samgr膩ma峁� gaccham膩no ya岣� p奴jayet k峁泃tik膩-sutam /
sa sarvam jayate viro yathendro d膩nav膩n ra峁噀 //鈥�
(Bhav. IV. 42. 24b-25).
"No [deity] other than K盲rttikeya is said to deserve worship by kings.
鈥淭hat hero who, when going out for war, worships the son of the K峁泃tik膩s, con-
quers all, just as Indra defeats the D膩navas in war.鈥�
35 For instance, in the A艣oka-vrata, Karav墨ra-vrata and Madh奴ka-vrata the res-
pective trees (A艣oka, Karav墨ra and Madh奴ka) are to be worshipped (chaps. 9, 10 and 16):
in the D奴rv膩峁ａ弓ami-vrata D奴rv膩 grass has to be worshipped (chap. 56); in the Kokil膩-
vrata the form of a female cuckoo is to be made with powdered sesamum, furnished
with eyes of gems and wings of gold, placed on a copper dish, duly worshipped, and
then given to a Brahmin (chap. 11); in the Go-vatsa-dv膩dasi-vrata a cow is to be regarded
as Gauri herself and worshipped (chap. 69); in the Mand膩ra-nimb-膩rka-karav墨ra-vrata
Sveta-mand膩ra, Nimba, Sveta-arka, and Rakta-karav墨ra plants are to be worshipped
(chap. 88); and so on.
** See Bhav. IV. 38. 6-
k峁泃v膩 tu k膩帽canam padmam arko 'yam iti p奴jayet /
karav墨re峁嘺 raktena rakta-vastra-yugena ca //
Bhav. IV. 39. 2 (sasthim upo峁�ya kamalam k膩rayitv膩 suk膩帽canam), and 10
(艣arkar膩-kala艣am dady膩ddhaima-padma-phal盲nvitam).