Essay name: Hastalaksanadipika a critical edition and study
Author:
E. K. Sudha
Affiliation: Government Sanskrit College (Tripunithura) / Department of Sanskrit
This is an English study on the Hastalaksanadipika—a manual depicting the Mudras (gestures) of the Kerala theatre. It is a very popular text supposedly dating to the 10th century A.D. This study also touches the subject of Krsnanattam, Kathakali and Kutiyattam—some of India's oldest theatrical traditions in Kerala.
Chapter 1 - Introduction
14 (of 32)
External source: Shodhganga (Repository of Indian theses)
Download the PDF file of the original publication
Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
14
man instinctively wants to imitate and reproduce what he observes, and
he gains pleasure in his creation. Sanskrit drama also must have
originated, like other arts, being aroused through this significant and
psychological phenomenon.
From the plays one can learn that Sanskrit theatre was
sophisticated, if at times somewhat uneven in quality. Some of the finest
poetry of the ancient world may be found in Sanskrit drama, and several
of the ancient plays compare favourably with dramatic literature
elsewhere in the ancient world. A survey of the plays and dramaturgical
texts lead us to believe that the theatre was conventional. That is, it called
upon actors and spectators alike to understand and decipher a complex
code of gestures, movement patterns, and vocal or verbal expressions.
Sanskrit theatre also was multidimensional. Dance and music
contributed to the overall effect, although the extent of their interaction
with dialogue and verse is far from certain. This was a theatre of
imagination; costume and make-up were stylised and symbolic, not
replicas of those of everyday life or of a particular historical period in
the scenery was used sparingly, if ever, in the staging of plays. Special
buildings appear to have been constructed for performances. Theatre had
a sacred significance. Numerous rituals accompanied the construction of
kuttambalam, maṇḍapom etc., the stage was consecrated before
performance, and from all the evidence, theatre served a religious
function, as well as being entertaining and educational.
