Essay name: Hastalaksanadipika a critical edition and study
Author:
E. K. Sudha
Affiliation: Government Sanskrit College (Tripunithura) / Department of Sanskrit
This is an English study on the Hastalaksanadipika—a manual depicting the Mudras (gestures) of the Kerala theatre. It is a very popular text supposedly dating to the 10th century A.D. This study also touches the subject of Krsnanattam, Kathakali and Kutiyattam—some of India's oldest theatrical traditions in Kerala.
Chapter 1 - Introduction
12 (of 32)
External source: Shodhganga (Repository of Indian theses)
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Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
12
assistants and used several times during the course of a performance to
manage the entries and exits of the characters and to monitor the time
and space. On the bare and natural ‘stage', just a floor-area or a platform
stage, used for the traditional plays, the change of locale and time is
managed by the use of tiraśśila. Thus the time and space are treated
non-realistically and metaphysically.
The tiraśśila device in Kathakali has been greatly cultivated
and formalised. It is used to usher in certain types of characters, generally
royal aggressive and the ferocious, such as Hanûmān, Rāvaṇa, Bāli and
Duryodhana.
ACTOR-AUDIENCE RELATIONSHIP
Intimacy between the actors and audience is a factor, which
vitally determines the nature of the Indian traditional theatre making it a
participative theatre. Intimacy is achieved through many devices and
conventions. Traditional theatre is predominantly an audience-conscious
theatre. In case of the social and secular theatre, a performance is a
community activity and the audience is deeply involved in it. For
example in Mutiyettu one can see this relationship very well. In the
battle between Kāḷi and Dārika the spectators will encourage them by
standing on both sides and the performance of the comic character Kūḷi
is fully appreciated if at all the audience is also active. In Kūṭiyāṭṭom
and Kathakaḷi for the character like niṇam etc. also, audience's support
and co-operation are needed.
