Essay name: Goddesses from the Samhitas to the Sutras
Author:
Rajeshri Goswami
Affiliation: Jadavpur University / Department of Sanskrit
This essay studies the Goddesses from the Samhitas to the Sutras. In short, this thesis examines Vedic goddesses by analyzing their images, functions, and social positions. It further details how natural and abstract elements were personified as goddesses, whose characteristics evolved with societal changes.
Chapter 2
103 (of 112)
External source: Shodhganga (Repository of Indian theses)
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In Greek mythology, Ker is the goddess of death and is 265 thus an analogue of the Indian Nirrti. So also is Moros (the
masculine of Moira, the fate-aspect of Nirrti). These determined
and controlled human destiny, and were consequently regarded with
fear and awe. The Greek earth-goddess Demeter, the mother of
Persephone (the wife of Pluto) is another manifestation.
The dark and sinister traits of Nirrti are confirmed in
her Greek parallel Persephone; for her 'sacrifices consisted of
black sheep and the person offering it had to turn away his face
One is immediately aware of the similarity with the Indian
ritual to the ancestors where, too, the sacrificer is bidden to
turn away his face and sometimes to avoid direct contact by touch'.
In Greek mythology we meet the Katachthoni Theoi --- the
subterranean deities called the Erinyes connected with the tomb.
As such they represent the earth-Nirrti in so far as she symbolises
the burial ground, where death is followed by decay. The Erinyes
are guardians of the tomb. In one of her dreaded aspects Demeter,
the mother-goddess of the Minoans was called Demeter Erinyes.
The dreaded Cybele, imported into Rome from Anatolia had
similar gruesome details connected with her and as an earth-goddess
is allied to Nirrti.
39 Georges Dumezil³ writes of the Roman goddess Lua Mater
associated with Saturness (who would be a parallel to Sani and Kāla)
39 in his review of Deesses latines et mythes Vediques in
Journal of the American Oriental society, 80, No. 1,
Jan. March 1960.
