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Essay name: Goddesses from the Samhitas to the Sutras

Author: Rajeshri Goswami
Affiliation: Jadavpur University / Department of Sanskrit

This essay studies the Goddesses from the Samhitas to the Sutras. In short, this thesis examines Vedic goddesses by analyzing their images, functions, and social positions. It further details how natural and abstract elements were personified as goddesses, whose characteristics evolved with societal changes.

Chapter 1

Page:

138 (of 144)


External source: Shodhganga (Repository of Indian theses)


Download the PDF file of the original publication


Copyright (license):

Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)


Warning! Page nr. 138 has not been proofread.

157
called 'the seven sisters' (saptasvasāra� I.191.14, etc.).
The seven sisters are also called the seven 'Mothers'
(9.86.36) and the epithet 'red' (arusin) is applied to
them reminding one of the red colour associated with Rudra,
Agni, etc. These seven are called the seven 'damsels'
(priyāsah 4.1.12; cp 1.50.9) probably also the seven
daughters (1.50.9) an idea which clearly points to the
virgin aspect of the Mother-Goddess. Their identity with
the Mother Goddess is finally settled by the significant
appellation 'the seven mother-streams' (sindhavah saptamā-
tara�, 1.34.8).
As
A closer examination of the details of the seven
figures on the Indus-valley seal in the light of the
Rgyeda adds further strength to this identification.
both Sir John Marshall and Dr. Mackay point out in the
above quotations, the seven figures on the seal are charac-
terised by 'long plaits' or 'pig tails'. It is therefore
interesting to find that the fertility goddesses of the
Rigveda too are generally marked by their long and broad
tresses. Thus Sinivati associated and identified with
Savaszati is definitely called 'broad-tressed' (prthu-
-ṣtukā 2.32.6). Indrani is also similarly described
(prthu-stukā, 10.86.8) who as surā-patnī is a goddess
closely approximating to Sarasvati to Sarasvati at least
སངྒྷ རདྡྷ�
in one important respect for example, in her connection
with Indra who is the ultimate agent for the flow of the
seven rivers (1.32.12, etc.). Another point of identifi-
- cation is found in the fact that Sarasvati is also found in
the company of Maruts the help-mates of Indra (2.30.8, etc)
just as Indrānī. Even Redasi usually the consort of Rudra
and the spouse or mother of the Maruts (5.56.8, etc.) is
similarly said to follow the Maruts with her 'loose tresses'
(I.167.5), and it is to be noted that Rodasi in Ludwig's
opinion is the goddess presiding over child-birth.

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