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it is not possible to express the complete emotion within four steps of a poem. So, it may increase and for that the word caupad墨 is popularly known as a musical composition of four or more than four steps of a poem. So it may increase and for that the word caupadi is popularly known as a musical 69 composition of four or more than four steps. The word caupadi might have
developed from the Sanskrit word 'Caupadi, but no similarity is found between
these two varieties. Except the Pur膩峁嘺 and other texts of literature the small
musical compositions composed in different tunes were regarded as caupad墨s.
From the sixteenth century this word is prevalent in ancient Odia literature.70 At
that time the Sanskritised Odia language has gained popularity and was used
by the elite of society for their literacy and cultural purposes." In the musical
texts of Sanskrit the small poems are categorized as citrapad膩, citrakal膩,
dhruvapad膩 and pa帽c膩l墨 category. 72 The ancient Odia caupadi songs are
73 included in the citrakal膩 and dhruvapad膩.3 The first step of a caupadi is known
as gho峁Ｄ� or dhruva, second step is antar盲, third step is sa帽c膩r墨 and the fourth
step is abhoga or in Odia it is called as bha峁噄t膩 in which the name of the
composer is found. 74 The ancient songs of Odia were developed by following
the dhruvapad膩 style. In this type of composition a long tune, thrilling of the
svara and the 膩l膩pa for more period of time is not found. The prevailing songs
like: - bhajanas, local songs, chandas, the song of local festivals like Rajotsava,
69. Mahanty, J.V., Odia caupadi sahitya (Odia), p.11
70. Ibid, p.10
71. Nanda, G.C., Contribution of Odishan authors to Sanskrit camp怒 literature, Ph.D. thesis of Utkal University,
Dept. of Sanskrit, 1999
72. adya citrapada // Sa峁僩itan膩r膩ya峁嘺岣�, 4.1
73. Odiacaupadi sahitya (Odia), p.28
74. Mishra, K.C., Ed. Ki艣oracandr膩nandacamp奴, p.112
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