Essay name: Gita-govinda of Jayadeva (comparative study)
Author:
Manisha Misra
Affiliation: Utkal University / Department of Sanskrit
This essay contains an English study of the Gita-Govinda by Jayadeva and the “Kishore Chandrananda Champu� by Kabisurya Baladev. The Gitagovinda is a Sanskrit Kavya poem of 12th century composed by Jayadeva whereas The “Kishore Chandrananda Champu� was written in the 18th century and was intended for a connection between the medieval poetry and modern literature.
Chapter 2 - The background and plot contents of Jayadeva’s Gitagovinda
3 (of 34)
External source: Shodhganga (Repository of Indian theses)
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.1 The incarnations of Kṛṣṇa The Brāhmaṇa texts speak of Prajāpati assuming forms of animals saves the distressed creation. Gradually, Nārāyaṇa and finally Viṣṇu took up this work. Viṣṇu is the only god in the Rv who has the ability to become the centre of avatāra or incarnation, as he had fewer characteristicss i.e, his personality had the requisite vaccum which could be filled in with suitable traits. He takes up another form quite different from that of his own². Viṣṇu was not thought of as the supreme god in the Vedas; still he was conceived as such by his worshippers. He began to rise in eminence during the Brāhmaṇa period. But during the epic and Purāṇic period he rose to the position of the supreme spirit. The concept of avatara has indeed proved to be one of the most fruitful sources of Hindu mythology. The Purāṇas and the upa-purāṇas give various myths and legends relating to the ten avatāras of Viṣṇu. Bhakti images in temples, personal attachment to one incarnate form or another, communal democracy, ecstatic experience, music and the predominance of aesthetic ritual, dance all these characterize the Viṣṇu-Kṛṣṇa cult. When Viṣṇu incarnates himself as man, he takes his birth and dies like an ordinary human being. Thús, Krsna's incarnation is the starting point of the Vaiṣṇaviteincarnation theory. In the purāṇas the main cause of the concept of incarnation is said to relieve the burden of the earth. Invariably the gods take the help of the one God Viṣṇu for the protection of the earth³. The ten chief incarnations, however, are of a special type, for in them the full essence of the god is believed to have taken flesh to save the world from imminent danger of 2. Mishra, R. P., Growth of the theory of incarnation P. 3. Ibid, p.193 186 11
