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Gita-govinda of Jayadeva (comparative study)

by Manisha Misra | 2012 | 56,963 words

This essay contains an English study of the Gita-Govinda by Jayadeva and the “Kishore Chandrananda Champu� by Kabisurya Baladev. (1) The Gitagovinda is a Sanskrit Kavya poem of 12th century composed by Jayadeva, who was a devotee of Lord Krishna/Jagannatha and a patron of Odisha culture. The Gitagovinda had widespread influence on Indian art and li...

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The emotional drama delineating the romance between Radha and Krsna has of course got the widest publicity in India through Jyadeva's Gitagovinda In the Kishore-chandrananda-champu the theme is the same and undoubtedly the Odia poet must have got the inspiration from his compatriots work in Sanskrit 48. The scholars from all parts of India in general and the poets of Odisha in particular being born and brought up in that glorious tradition of Sanskrit culture have composed in Sanskrit more than one hundred and thirty imitative works 49. The theme and background of both Gitagovinda and Kishore-chandrananda-champu have already been discussed in former chapters. The content of the campu is chiefly based on the theme of the Gitagovinda of Jayadeva (12 th century A.D.). The event narrated in the Gitagovinda, Jagannatha-vallabha-nataka and Kishore-chandrananda-champu are almost similar 50. The direct influence of Gitagovinda and Jagannatha-vallabha-nataka are reflected in the Kishore-chandrananda-champu 61. Gitagovinda laid a viable foundation for Kishore-chandrananda-champu There is an excellent impact of Jayadeva on the later literatures, song and art of Odisha 52. Although Kavisurya has tried to follow the Gitagovinda broadly, his work is not an equal competitor of Jayadeva. 48. Mansinha, Mayadhar, A History of Oriya literature, p.128 49. Ratha, Banamali, "Imitation" Dinanath Pathy, Ed. Jayadeva and Gitagovinda, p. 141 50. Nanda, G.C., Contribution of Orissan authors to Sanskrit Campu literature, p.123 51. Behera, K.C., Ed. Kisoracandranandacampu, p.103 52, Dasa, Asok, Kahita nuhai bharatire, p.189 160

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Another creation like Gitagovinda is not possible till today. Still a poem of resemblance the equality and inequality is the matter of discussion 53. The environment is small in both the poems. Gitagovinda has twelve cantos, twentyfour songs and seventy-two verses whereas the Kishore-chandrananda-champu has thirty-four caupadicautisa songs in Odia and thirty eight verses accompanied by thirty-five prose passages in Sanskrit. The time criteria of the theme of Gitagovinda is one day and two nights. In Kishore-chandrananda-champu it is of two days. The first and foremost ambition of both the texts are the union of Radha and Krsna. The theme of both the works go smoothly as both are depending upon a simple love story. The opening of Gitagovinda is from union, from the rasa dance during the spring. The starting of Kishore-chandrananda-champu is from a vision of chance. The separation of Gitagovinda caused by cessation, but in Kishore-chandrananda-champu the reason of separation is the unimpeded hope and aspiration. Therefore, there is no description of any incipient affection in the Gitagovinda like the Kishore-chandrananda-champu From the second canto of the Gitagovinda the jealousness and impatience of Radha towards Krsna is expressed. Then begins the subject matter 54. The poet has given a keen indication about the union of Radha and Krsna at the first verse of. benediction 55. He has taken this small background of his poem from the Brahmavaivartapuranam. Though the date of the puranas are not particular but scholars accept Gitagovinda as a later composition of the puranas 56. But in Kishore-chandrananda-champu a tender married girl chanced upon a beauteous artistic youth at first sight. Due to the first observation fear and distruct are arising with the hope of coming together. Both the poems are started with the feeling of love and ended also with that experience. After 53. Dasa, Asok, Kahita nuhai bharatire, p.191 54. Ibid, p.191 55. radhamadhavayorjayantiyamunakulerahah kelyah 1Gg 1.1 (v) 56. Dasa, Asok, Kahita nuhai bharatire, p.151 161

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the union of Radha-krsna the Gitagovinda is completed in the twelfth canto. So the poem has compactness of the theme from the beginning to the end. But this is not available in the Kishore-chandrananda-champu It has a weak ending. After the song of 'ma' 'campu'the union of Radhakrsna was over but still the poem was not completed. The poet draws it under compulsion upto the last letter of Odia alphabet that is 'ksa'. Therefore, though the opening and middle part of Kishore-chandrananda-champu are strongly poetical but the ending bears no attraction 57. Jayadeva has alerted the readers regarding the style and need of his poem 58 So Gitagovinda is able to delight the heart of both devotees and connoisseurs. Jayadeva stressed on the art of poetry than the remembrance of Hari. Alike that Kavisurya indicated about his poem that he is going to describe that extraordinary eternal love-play of Radha and Krsna with his a little intelligence. This is only a over hastiness and nothing for the poet 59. He does not indicate about his writing style like Jayadeva. But while going through the campu the reader will realize that Kavisurya also tried to give pleasure and delight the heart of both the categories of connoisseurs as discussed above in the matter of Jayadeva 60.

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