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place for the verse obviates the necessity of an awkward
inference (of the existence of two dramatic works bearing
identical titles), which these very Bh膩saites were at pains
to dislodge while dealing with the Svapna.
Further, our Bal is known as the earliest version of
the K峁涐梗峁嘺 story on account of the absence of the erotic
element which is a characteristic of the later description
of R膩dh膩 and Gopis.' Dr. Konow would "safely ascribe
the Bal to an early date". In view of these statements
therefore, and also on account of the absence of another
B膩l, we think, we are not far from right in taking the
Tamil work as referring to our B膩l.
A艣vaghosa's date is not yet settled, but none would
place him later than the second century A. D. A艣vaghosa's
BUDDHACARITA contains one verse (XIII. 60):
啶曕ぞ啶粪�嵿�犩�� 啶灌た 啶�啶ム�嵿え啶ㄠ�� 啶侧き啶む�� 啶灌�佮い啶距ざ啶� 啶�啷傕ぎ啶苦�� 啶栢え啶ㄠ�� 啶掂た啶ㄠ�嵿う啶む�� 啶氞ぞ啶�啶� 啶む�嬥く啶�啷� 啷�
啶ㄠた啶班�嵿が啶ㄠ�嵿ぇ啶苦え啶� 啶曕た啶炧�嵿�氞え 啶ㄠぞ啶膏�嵿い啷嵿く啶膏ぞ啶о�嵿く啶� 啶ㄠ�嵿く啶距く啷囙�� 啶�啷佮�曕�嵿い啶� 啶� 啶曕�冟い啶� 啶� 啶膏ぐ啷嵿さ啶�啷� 啷�
[k膩峁ａ弓ha峁� hi mathnan labhate hut膩艣a峁� bh奴mi峁� khanan vindati c膩pi toyam |
nirbandhina岣� ki帽cana n膩styas膩dhya峁� ny膩yena yukta峁� ca k峁泃a峁� ca sarvam ||
] which is almost identical in expression with Bh膩sa's
Pratij帽膩 (I. 18):
啶曕ぞ啶粪�嵿�犩ぞ啶︵�椸�嵿え啶苦ぐ啷嵿�溹ぞ啶�啶む�� 啶�啶ム�嵿く啶�啶距え啶距う啷� 啶�啷傕ぎ啶苦じ啷嵿い啷嬥い啷嵿ぐ啶� 啶栢え啷嵿く啶�啶距え啶� 啶︵う啶距い啶� 啷�
啶膏�嬥い啷嵿じ啶距す啶距え啶距�� 啶ㄠぞ啶膏�嵿い啷嵿く啶膏ぞ啶о�嵿く啶� 啶ㄠぐ啶距ぃ啶距�� 啶�啶距ぐ啷嵿�椸ぞ啶班が啷嵿ぇ啶距�� 啶膏ぐ啷嵿さ啶�啶む�嵿い啷嵿ぐ啶距�� 啶�啶侧え啷嵿い啶� 啷�
[k膩峁ａ弓h膩dagnirj膩yate mathyam膩n膩d bh奴mistotra峁� khanyam膩n膩 dad膩ti |
sots膩h膩n膩峁� n膩styas膩dhya峁� nar膩峁嚹佱箖 m膩rg膩rabdh膩岣� sarvayattr膩岣� phalanti ||
] In considering and evaluating these verses we are
treading on delicate grounds where there is an ample scope
for difference of opinion. It is a matter of taste only.
Aesthetic beauty of a particular verse can be appreciated
by some, while it may fail to appeal to others. Thus, in
the present case, Dr. Sastri takes Bh膩sa's verse to be
original from its easy and graceful flow; while Mr. Sankar
takes A艣vaghosa's verse to be free and direct. Subjective
considerations, therefore, must be supplemented by other
objective reasons. Prakrits of Bh膩sa show an earlier
period; and the profuse use of short metres and pre-
Bharata dramatic technique are in favour of the priority of
Bh膩sa to A艣vaghosa.
Next, we come to K膩lid膩sa. The celebrated poet
1 Weller, Die Abenteuer des Knaben Krischna, trans., Intr., p. 13. 2 IA,
49, p. 234. 3 G. Sastri, Critical Study, p. 48; Sankar, AMV, 2, p. 53. 4 To do
some justice to the problem of the date of K膩lid膩sa at least 100 pages will be
required, and the determination of the date in detail is not thought necessary.
Main lines of our argument will merely be indicated here with reference to the recent
contributions on the subject. There was a difference of some 1200 years between the
earliest and latest dates assigned to Kalidasa but the Mandasore inscription rules out