Ashta Nayikas and Dance Forms (study)
by V. Dwaritha | 2013 | 71,711 words
This page relates 鈥業ntroduction and definitions of Khandita鈥� of the study dealing with the Ashta-Nayikas鈥攁 classification of eight kinds of 鈥淗eroines鈥� representing the eight emotional states (avastha) employed in the classical Indian dance and performing arts (otherwise known as Natya Shastra). These Ashtanayikas reflect the eight types of romantic relationships and have hence formed the expressive subject of many classical painting, poems and dramatic plays.
Go directly to: Footnotes.
Part 1-2 - Introduction and definitions of 碍丑补峁囜笉颈迟腻
碍丑补峁囜笉颈迟腻 is the 苍腻测颈办腻 who is angry with her hero. Her ego is damaged and she feels shattered. She notices his infidelity and accuses him. She is often seen sulking, indifferent, accusing and sometimes even beating her hero. Her patience is tried and tested. She loses confidence in the hero. She could be the continuation of a 痴腻蝉补办补蝉补箩箩颈办腻, 痴颈谤补丑辞迟办补峁囜弓丑颈迟腻 or a 笔谤辞峁迟补产丑补谤迟峁沰腻.
This is the most commonly understood definition of a 碍丑补峁囜笉颈迟腻. This was not how she was portrayed by Bharata. There has been a great transformation in the way she is presented.
啶掂啶ぞ啶膏啷嵿啶距う啷佮啶苦い啷� 啶じ啷嵿く啶� 啶掂ぞ啶膏啷囙え啶距啶む 啶啶班た啶 啷�
啶むう啶ㄠぞ啶椸ぎ啶︵啶冟啶距ぐ啷嵿い啶� 啶栢ぃ啷嵿ぁ啶苦い啶� 啶膏ぞ 啶啶班啷�啶班啶むた啶むぞ 啷�vy膩sa峁単膩ducite yasy膩 v膩saken膩gata岣� priya岣� |
tadan膩gamadu岣h膩rt膩 kha峁囜笉it膩 s膩 prak墨rtit膩 ||[1]碍丑补峁囜笉颈迟腻 is the one who remains in her home separated from her lover due to his attachment to another girl.
啶曕啶むざ啷嵿啶苦え啷嵿え啶距啶む 啶じ啷嵿く啶� 啶夃啶苦い啷� 啶掂ぞ啶膏啷囙お啷嵿ぐ啶苦く啶� 啷�
啶むう啶ㄠぞ啶椸ぎ啶膏啶むお啷嵿い啶� 啶栢ぃ啷嵿ぁ啶苦い啶� 啶膏ぞ 啶い啶� 啶ぅ啶� 啷�kuta艣cinn膩gato yasy膩 ucite v膩sakepriya岣� |
tadan膩gamasa峁僼apt膩 kha峁囜笉it膩 s膩 mat膩 yath膩 ||[2]Though she is dressed in proper clothes, the 苍腻测颈办腻 who is disappointed as her lover does not turn up, is called a 碍丑补峁囜笉颈迟腻 苍腻测颈办腻.
A similar definition is found in 碍腻惫测腻苍耻艣腻蝉补苍补
啶掂え啶苦い啶距え啷嵿い啶班さ啷嵿く啶距じ啶權啶椸ぞ啶︵え啶距啶む 啶啶班た啶 啶︵啶冟啶膏啶むお啷嵿い啶� 啶栢ぃ啷嵿ぁ啶苦い啶� 啷�
vanit膩ntaravy膩sa峁単膩dan膩gate priye du岣hasa峁僼apt膩 kha峁囜笉it膩 ||[3]
The heroine, who is immersed in sorrow as her Lord has not come due to the relationship with another lady, is called a 碍丑补峁囜笉颈迟腻.
This was how a 碍丑补峁囜笉颈迟腻 was defined in the earlier period. This definition was too close to that of a 痴颈谤补丑辞迟办补峁囜弓丑颈迟腻. As time passed by, this 碍丑补峁囜笉颈迟腻 changed to an angry woman.
啶ㄠ啶む啶掂ぞ啶洁え啷嵿く啶む啶� 啶ㄠた啶多ぞ啶� 啶啶班ぞ啶むぐ啶距啶む 啶啶班ぞ啶｀さ啶侧啶侧き啷� 啷�
啶呧え啷嵿く啶距じ啶傕き啷嬥啶氞た啶灌啶ㄠ啶膏啶む 啶曕啶た啶むぞ 啶栢ぃ啷嵿ぁ啶苦い啶� 啶い啶� 啷�n墨tv膩'nyatra ni艣膩峁� pr膩tar膩gate pr膩峁嘺vallabhe |
any膩sa峁僢hogacihnaistu kupit膩 kha峁囜笉it膩 mat膩 ||[4]
A similar definition is found in 艢峁涐箙驳腻谤腻谤峁嘺惫补肠补苍诲谤颈办腻, while the 苍腻测补办补 is addressed as 鈥�Rasikottama鈥�.
啶溹啶炧ぞ啶むぎ啶ㄠ啶ぅ啶氞た啶灌啶ㄠ 啶ぞ 啶ㄠぞ啶班啶班啶粪啶ぞ啶� 啶掂た啶︵ぇ啶距い啶� 啶膏ぞ 啷�
啶栢ぃ啷嵿ぁ啶苦い啶� 啶班ぎ啶｀ 啶啶班啶曕啶むぞ 啶ㄠぞ啶啷囙ぐ啶膏た啶曕啶む啶むぎ啷� 啷�j帽膩tamanmathacihne y膩 n膩r墨r峁膩峁� vidadh膩ti s膩 |
kha峁囜笉it膩 rama峁嚹� prokt膩 n膩yakerasikottame ||[5]
Similar definitions of 碍丑补峁囜笉颈迟腻 are given by almost all the authors like 厂腻丑颈迟测补诲补谤辫补峁嘺, 搁补蝉腻谤峁嘺惫补蝉耻诲丑腻办补谤补, 艢峁涐箙驳腻谤腻谤峁嘺惫补肠补苍诲谤颈办腻, 搁补蝉补尘补帽箩补谤墨, 顿补艣补谤奴辫补办补, 搁补蝉补办补濒颈办腻.
The 碍腻惫测腻濒补峁卥腻谤补 gives both the definitions of 碍丑补峁囜笉颈迟腻. Among the 础峁ａ弓腻惫补蝉迟丑腻丑, 搁耻诲谤补峁璦 mentions a definition similar to the one of Bharata.
k膩ry膩ntarak峁泃avighno n膩gacchatyeva v膩sakasthay膩岣� |
tasmi帽j墨vitan膩tho yasy膩岣� s膩 kha峁囜笉it膩 j帽ey膩 ||[6]The heroine waiting at her home for her husband who has been retained by some other work is called a 碍丑补峁囜笉颈迟腻 N膩yik膩.[7]
Other than the general classifications of 厂惫墨测腻, 笔补谤办墨测腻, 厂腻尘腻苍测腻, 惭耻驳诲丑腻, 惭补诲丑测腻, 笔谤补驳补濒产丑腻, 闯测别峁ａ弓丑腻, 碍补苍颈峁ａ弓丑腻 and the 础峁ａ弓补补惫补蝉迟丑补, 碍腻惫测腻濒补峁卥腻谤补 gives another classification of heroines as 础产丑颈蝉腻谤颈办腻, 碍丑补峁囜笉颈迟腻 and 厂惫墨测腻, they are further classified into 厂惫腻诲丑墨苍补辫补迟颈办腻 and 笔谤辞峁迟补辫补迟颈办腻
啶︵啶掂啶оぞ啶た啶膏ぞ啶班た啶曕ぞ啶栢ぃ啷嵿ぁ啶苦い啶距い啷嵿さ啶啶椸ぞ啶︵啶さ啶ㄠ啶むた 啶むぞ啶膏啶むぞ啶膏 啷�
啶膏啶掂啶ぞ 啶膏啶掂ぞ啶о啶ㄠお啶むた啶冟オ啷ㄠキ 啶啶班啶粪た啶むお啶むた啶曕ぞ啶啶ㄠぐ啷嵿う啷嵿さ啷囙ぇ啶� 啷�dvedh膩bhis膩rik膩kha峁囜笉it膩tvayog膩dbhavanti t膩st膩su |
sv墨y膩 sv膩dh墨napati岣�[8] pro峁tapatik膩punardvedh膩 ||[9]
This 碍丑补峁囜笉颈迟腻 is defined as鈥�
啶じ啷嵿く啶距 啶啶班啶� 啶ㄠた啶班え啷嵿い啶班ぎ啶ㄠ啶ぞ啶膏啶椸啶� 啶栢ぃ啷嵿ぁ啶啶む啶曕ぞ啶ㄠ啶む 啷�
啶膏ぞ 啶栢ぃ啷嵿ぁ啶苦い啷囙い啶� 啶むじ啷嵿く啶距 啶曕ぅ啶距ざ啶班啶班ぞ啶｀た 啶啶ぞ啶傕じ啶� 啷�yasy膩岣� prema nirantaramany膩sa峁僩ena kha峁囜笉ayetk膩nta岣� |
s膩 kha峁囜笉iteti tasy膩岣� kath膩艣ar墨r膩峁噄 bh奴y膩峁僺i ||[10]The 苍腻测颈办腻 whose love is being shattered by the lover who is always in union with another woman is called a 碍丑补峁囜笉颈迟腻. Many story lines based on this 苍腻测颈办腻 are seen.
Another strange definition from 狈腻峁瓂补诲补谤辫补峁嘺
啶栢ぃ啷嵿ぁ啶苦い啶� 啶栢ぃ啷嵿ぁ啶い啷嵿く啶ㄠ啶ぞ啶膏啷嵿い啷嵿く啶� 啶掂ぞ啶膏啶啶班啶粪啶た啶むぞ 啷�
kha峁囜笉it膩 kha峁囜笉ayatyany膩sakty膩 v膩sakam墨r峁it膩 |[11]
The 碍丑补峁囜笉颈迟补 苍腻测颈办腻, jealous due to her lover鈥檚 involvement with another 苍腻测颈办腻, tears his clothes (from the 艣濒辞办补 it is not clear whether it is his or her clothes that she tears)
Footnotes and references:
[1]:
狈腻峁瓂补艣腻蝉迟谤补, XXIV. ccxiii. 675.
[3]:
Hemachandra, 碍腻惫测腻苍耻艣腻蝉补苍补, 1:VII. xxx. 419.
[4]:
笔谤补迟腻辫补谤耻诲谤墨测补, I. xlix. 21.
[6]:
碍腻惫测腻濒补峁卥腻谤补, XII. 388.
[7]:
This verse is considered to be an interpolation
[8]:
There seems to be a lacuna and the word should be 蝉惫腻诲丑墨苍补辫补迟颈办腻
[9]:
碍腻惫测腻濒补峁卥腻谤补, XII. xli. 389.
[10]:
Ibid., XII. xliv. 390.
[11]:
狈腻峁瓂补诲补谤辫补峁嘺, IV. cclxiii. 382.