Amarakoshodghatana of Kshirasvamin (study)
by A. Yamuna Devi | 2012 | 77,297 words | ISBN-13: 9788193658048
This page relates 鈥業nternal Anatomy鈥� of the study on the Amarakoshodghatana of Kshirasvamin (in English) which represents a commentary on the Amarakosha of Amarasimha. These ancient texts belong the Kosha or 鈥渓exicography鈥� category of Sanskrit literature which deals with the analysis and meaning of technical words from a variety of subjects, such as cosmology, anatomy, medicine, hygiene. The Amarakosa itself is one of the earliest of such text, dating from the 6th century A.D., while the Amarakoshodghatana is the earliest known commentary on that work.
Go directly to: Footnotes.
Internal Anatomy
[Full title: Human Body Health and Diseases (1): Internal Anatomy (II. 6. 63-9; p. 147- 49)]
膧测耻谤惫别诲补 adopts a few principles by which the diseases can be cured. The basic principle according 膧测耻谤惫别诲补 is鈥揾uman body is a constitution of kapha, 惫腻迟补 and pitta which are collectively termed as 迟谤颈诲辞峁蝉. The equilibrium of these three indicates healthy body and in abnormal state they destroy the body in the form of diseases.
膧测耻谤惫别诲补 considers herbs and food as medicine. Hence food is also classified on the basis of these 诲辞峁蝉 and are employed for specific treatments. 碍峁Ｄ玶补蝉惫腻尘颈苍 displays his thorough knowledge of 膧yurvedic principles when he explains the qualities of food which either mitigate or vitiate the 诲辞峁蝉.
The 惭补苍耻峁补 varga listing words pertaining to relations of man and woman in society and then various stages, record the physical anatomy of the human being their peculiarities and diseases.
The internal anatomy of human body is recorded by 础尘补谤补办辞艣补 as consisting of blood鈥�rudhira, flesh鈥�辫颈艣颈迟补, dry flesh鈥�惫补濒濒奴谤补尘, heart鈥�产耻办办腻, fat鈥�惫补辫腻, nerve鈥�苍腻岣嵞�, lungs鈥�kloma, brain鈥�尘补蝉迟颈峁补, skeleton鈥�办补峁卥腻濒补, back bone鈥�办补艣别谤耻办腻, and so on. Some of the interesting comments and explanations made by 碍峁Ｄ玶补蝉惫腻尘颈苍 are:
(a) 叠耻办办腻 (II. 6. 64; p. 148)鈥�
[Heart:]
Regarding this word 碍峁Ｄ玶补蝉惫腻尘颈苍 points out that it is a 鈥�na鈥� termination or 鈥�苍腻苍迟补鈥� in masculine gender while some take it as feminine gender[1].
He observes that the physicians read the word as 惫峁沰办补鈥�
bukyate sv膩dutv膩nm峁沢yate 产耻办办腻 苍腻苍迟补岣� pu峁僺y膩ya峁� str墨tyeke v峁沰keti 惫补颈诲测腻岣� |
Heart is also indicated as 丑峁沝补测补 and 碍峁Ｄ玶补蝉惫腻尘颈苍 explains it as鈥�
hriyate h峁沝 | j墨v膩dh膩ra峁� padmam |鈥�
The main life-holder of human being.
(b) 驰补办峁泃, Pl墨h膩, Kloma or 笔耻辫辫耻蝉补岣� (II. 6. 66; p.148)鈥�
[Liver, spleen and lungs:]
碍峁Ｄ玶补蝉惫腻尘颈苍鈥榮 knowledge of physical anatomy is revealed when he quotes from a medicinal text that the liver (测补办峁泃) and lungs (kloma) are situated to the right of the heart (body) and to the left are spleen (辫濒墨丑腻) and lungs (辫耻辫辫丑耻蝉补岣�)鈥�
丑峁沝补测补sya dak峁峁噀 测补办峁泃kloma v膩me 辫濒墨丑腻 puppusa艣ceti 惫补颈诲测腻岣� |
驰补办峁泃 is explained by 碍峁Ｄ玶补蝉惫腻尘颈苍 as the dark organ in the right side of the body鈥�
测补办峁泃鈥�
dak峁峁嘺p膩r艣ve k峁涐梗峁嘺m膩峁僺膩峁兣沘岣� k膩lakha峁囜笉am k膩lakha帽jamityeke |测补尘补峁� karoti 测补办峁泃 |
(c) 厂苍腻测耻岣� (II. 6. 66; p. 148)鈥�
[Tendon:]
A tendon is denoted as 蝉苍腻测耻岣�.
碍峁Ｄ玶补蝉惫腻尘颈苍 adds that the big tendons or a collection of tendons are denoted by the physicians as 办补峁囜笉补谤腻鈥�
According to 艢u艣ruta all circular ligaments are known as 办补峁囜笉补谤腻 (tendon).
The above explanation of 碍峁Ｄ玶补蝉惫腻尘颈苍 reflects the idea of 岣宎lha峁嘺 the commentator of 艢u艣ruta who reads鈥�(艢u艣ruta. sam. 艢腻谤墨谤补蝉迟丑腻苍补.V. 31)
惫峁泃迟腻蝉迟耻 办补峁囜笉补谤腻岣� | mah膩蝉苍腻测耻stu 办补峁囜笉补谤腻 iti 蝉补峁僯帽腻 |
(d) 碍补峁卥腻濒补岣� (II. 6. 69; p. 149)鈥�
[Skeleton:]
碍峁Ｄ玶补蝉惫腻尘颈苍 adds three more words to denote a skeleton namely 顿别丑腻谤补尘产丑补办补岣�, 补蝉迟丑颈辫补帽箩补谤补岣� and 办补谤补峁卥补岣�鈥�
deh膩rambhako'sthipa帽jara岣� kara峁卥o'pi |
(v) Karpara (II. 6. 68; p. 149)鈥�
[Skull:]
础尘补谤补办辞艣补 gives 办补辫腻濒补 also to denote the skull.
碍峁Ｄ玶补蝉惫腻尘颈苍 explains that since it protects the head it is called 办补辫腻濒补. He also reminds, that in usage, the part of a pot is also 办补辫腻濒补鈥�
ka峁� p膩layati 办补辫腻濒补峁� m奴rdhno'sthi | gha峁乨i kha峁囜笉o'pyupac膩r膩t |
Footnotes and references:
[1]:
Other commentators like Bh膩nuji and Li峁単ayas奴ri also opine that both the genders were in vogue.