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Vakyapadiya of Bhartrihari

by K. A. Subramania Iyer | 1965 | 391,768 words

The English translation of the Vakyapadiya by Bhartrihari including commentary extracts and notes. The Vakyapadiya is an ancient Sanskrit text dealing with the philosophy of language. Bhartrhari authored this book in three parts and propounds his theory of Sphotavada (sphota-vada) which understands language as consisting of bursts of sounds conveyi...

This book contains Sanskrit text which you should never take for granted as transcription mistakes are always possible. Always confer with the final source and/or manuscript.

Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation of verse 3.14.452:

क्रियाधर्मान्तरेषु सापेक्षा� क्रियाशब्दाः क्रियान्तर� �
उपकारा� गृह्यन्त� यथैव ब्राह्मणादयः � ४५� �

kriyādharmāntareṣu sāpekṣāḥ kriyāśabdā� kriyāntare |
upakārāya gṛhyante yathaiva brāhmaṇādaya� || 452 ||

452. Action-words, depending upon some common property (in the form of action) are used to render service to(that is, to measure) another action, just as one uses words like 󳾲ṇa.

Commentary

[In order to render service to, that is, to measure, through resemblance, an action like the studying of a ṣaٳٰⲹ, a standard of comparison like the action of studying of a 󳾲ṇa is used, based on some action as a common property. It is like using a word like 󳾲ṇa, expressive of substance, as the standard of comparison for determining or measuring a ṣaٳٰⲹ. Thus both action-words and words expressive of substance can stand for the standard of comparison and take the suffix vati.]

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