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Vakyapadiya of Bhartrihari

by K. A. Subramania Iyer | 1965 | 391,768 words

The English translation of the Vakyapadiya by Bhartrihari including commentary extracts and notes. The Vakyapadiya is an ancient Sanskrit text dealing with the philosophy of language. Bhartrhari authored this book in three parts and propounds his theory of Sphotavada (sphota-vada) which understands language as consisting of bursts of sounds conveyi...

This book contains Sanskrit text which you should never take for granted as transcription mistakes are always possible. Always confer with the final source and/or manuscript.

Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation of verse 3.14.46:

तुल्यश्रुतित्वात� तत्त्वेऽपि राजादीनामुपाश्रिते �
वृत्तौ विशेषणाकाङ्क्षाऽगमकत्वान्निवर्तत� � ४६ �

tulyaśrutitvāt tattve'pi rājādīnāmupāśrite |
vṛttau viśeṣaṇākāṅkṣ�'gamakatvānnivartate || 46 ||

46. Even if secondary words like are looked upon as identical with words like (occurring in a sentence) because of similarity of sounds, still while it is part of a compound it can have no connection with a qualifier (outside the compound) as it would then be incapable of conveying the intended meaning.

Commentary

[One consequence of the fact that in a compound integration of meaning takes place is as follows—If we take the compound Ჹܰṣa�, the two words and ܰṣa seem to be the same as in the sentence ñ� ܰṣa�. But there is a difference. We can say ṛddhaya rājña� ܰṣa� = ‘the prosperous king’s man� but we cannot say ṛddhasya Ჹܰṣa�. The secondary word in a compound cannot be qualified by a word outside the compound, because the secondary word is linked to the primary word of the compound (ܰṣa). It is not independent. That is not the case in a sentence. There the word is independent. The word in the compound looks like the other word and we identify them. But they are not the same. That is why the secondary word in the compound cannot be qualified by a word outside the compound. If it does, the intended meaning would not be conveyed.]

It is now stated that where the intended meaning is conveyed, the secondary word can be connected with an outside qualifier.

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