Vakyapadiya of Bhartrihari
by K. A. Subramania Iyer | 1965 | 391,768 words
The English translation of the Vakyapadiya by Bhartrihari including commentary extracts and notes. The Vakyapadiya is an ancient Sanskrit text dealing with the philosophy of language. Bhartrhari authored this book in three parts and propounds his theory of Sphotavada (sphota-vada) which understands language as consisting of bursts of sounds conveyi...
This book contains Sanskrit text which you should never take for granted as transcription mistakes are always possible. Always confer with the final source and/or manuscript.
Verse 3.8.39
Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation of verse 3.8.39:
啶す啷傕え啶距 啶膏ぎ啷嵿き啶掂啶洁ぐ啷嵿ぅ啶ㄠぞ啶� 啶曕啶氞た啶︵啶掂啶啶距ぐ啶苦ぃ啶� 啷�
啶膏啶膏ぐ啷嵿啷� 啶曕ざ啷嵿啶苦う啷囙し啶距 啶む 啶啶班ぞ啶оぞ啶ㄠ啶啶� 啶啶班い啷�啶い啷� 啷� 啷┼ク 啷�bah奴n膩峁� sambhave'rthan膩峁� kecidevopak膩ri峁嘺岣� |
sa峁僺arge ka艣cide峁Ｄ佱箖 tu pr膩dh膩nyena prat墨yate || 39 ||39. Where many meanings are possible, there is a relation between them and some arc only secondary. One of them is understood as the primary one.
Commentary
The verb expresses the accessory, number, tense, person and upagraha (aspect) also, why then has it been said to be expressive of action?
[Read verse 39 above]
[It is true that a verb expresses not only action, but also accessory, number, time, person and aspect. But they are not all expressed in the same manner. One of them is more important than the others. It is the 补峁単颈 (primary) and the others arc its 补峁単补. It is action that verbs primarily express because it is that which is 蝉腻诲丑测补, something to be brought about.]