Vakyapadiya of Bhartrihari
by K. A. Subramania Iyer | 1965 | 391,768 words
The English translation of the Vakyapadiya by Bhartrihari including commentary extracts and notes. The Vakyapadiya is an ancient Sanskrit text dealing with the philosophy of language. Bhartrhari authored this book in three parts and propounds his theory of Sphotavada (sphota-vada) which understands language as consisting of bursts of sounds conveyi...
This book contains Sanskrit text which you should never take for granted as transcription mistakes are always possible. Always confer with the final source and/or manuscript.
Verse 3.7.18
Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation of verse 3.7.18:
啶ㄠた啶粪啶い啷嵿い啶苦ぎ啶距い啷嵿ぐ啷� 啶曕ぐ啷嵿い啷冟い啷嵿さ啶� 啶膏ぐ啷嵿さ啶む啶班啶掂ぞ啶膏啶むた 啶曕ぞ啶班啷� 啷�
啶掂啶ぞ啶ぞ啶班き啷囙う啶距お啷囙啷嵿し啶距く啶距 啶曕ぐ啶｀ぞ啶︵た啶む啶掂じ啶傕き啶掂 啷� 啷оギ 啷�ni峁attim膩tre kart峁泃va峁� sarvatraiv膩sti k膩rake |
vy膩p膩rabhed膩pek峁Ｄ亂膩峁� kara峁嚹乨itvasa峁僢hava岣� || 18 ||18. The quality of merely bringing about exists in all the accessories: It is when the particular function of each is desired to be known that the quality of being instrument etc. is recognised.
Commentary
It is now stated that the word do-er (办腻谤补办补) has been applied to the agent (办补谤迟腻) etc. in accordance with the true meaning of the root in that word.
[Read verse 18 above]
[All actions are brought about by a set of accessories. All of them thus become agents. If one wants to know how each one becomes the agent, it is like this: Each of them performs a particular function in regard to the main action and thus acquires a special name such as instrument (办腻谤补峁嘺). That which sets the other accessories in motion is the real Agent (办补谤迟腻). That which the Agent seeks to reach by his action, to make, to mar or to modify, is called the object (karma) and so on. All these functions having a special name come under the general heading of do-er (办腻谤补办补). The word 办腻谤补办补 and the special names can be used in apposition to each other for this reason. Nothing which is not already a 办腻谤补办补 can get one of the special names. Of the six 办腻谤补办补s, one is the Agent (karta) and three more can be treated as such. The starting point (补辫腻诲腻苍补) and the recipient (蝉补峁僷谤补诲腻苍补) cannot be so treated. We can never say r膩mo dad膩ti for r膩m膩ya dad膩ti or v峁沰峁岣� patati for v峁沰峁Ｄ乼 patati. But in certain circumstances, we can say odana岣� pacyate, 鈥榢膩峁ａ弓h膩ni鈥� pacanti and 蝉迟丑腻濒墨 pacati. In other words, 鈥�karma鈥�, 鈥�办补谤补峁嘺鈥� and 鈥�adhi办补谤补峁嘺鈥� can be sometimes treated as agents (办补谤迟腻).]
An illustration is now given.