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Vakyapadiya of Bhartrihari

by K. A. Subramania Iyer | 1965 | 391,768 words

The English translation of the Vakyapadiya by Bhartrihari including commentary extracts and notes. The Vakyapadiya is an ancient Sanskrit text dealing with the philosophy of language. Bhartrhari authored this book in three parts and propounds his theory of Sphotavada (sphota-vada) which understands language as consisting of bursts of sounds conveyi...

This book contains Sanskrit text which you should never take for granted as transcription mistakes are always possible. Always confer with the final source and/or manuscript.

Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation of verse 1.106:

अनवस्थितकम्पेऽपि करणे ध्वनयोऽपरे �
स्फोटादेवोपजायन्ते ज्वाला ज्वालान्तरादिव � १०� �

anavasthitakampe'pi karaṇe dhvanayo'pare |
sphoṭādevopajāyante jvālā jvālāntarādiva || 106 ||

106. Even after the organs have ceased to vibrate, other sounds are produced from the ṭa as one flame from another.

Commentary

Even when the vibrations continue uninterruptedly, whatever sound is produced by the contact (between the places and organs of articulation) never disappears without producing its effect. The sounds which are produced by the vibration and are simultaneous (with the ṭa) manifest the ṭa. The sounds which come in between, resemble them, and shine like them, are called secondary sounds (Գṣaṅg) It has also been said that each secondary sound among them has its series of effects lasting as long as the vibration lasts and helps in the manifestation of the ṭa. This production of sounds has been described on the analogy of the continuity of the flames proceeding from burning fuel. Just as from the flames of burning fuel proceed continuously other flames produced by them and manifest objects by their light, so is the continuity of the sounds.

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