Vakyapadiya of Bhartrihari
by K. A. Subramania Iyer | 1965 | 391,768 words
The English translation of the Vakyapadiya by Bhartrihari including commentary extracts and notes. The Vakyapadiya is an ancient Sanskrit text dealing with the philosophy of language. Bhartrhari authored this book in three parts and propounds his theory of Sphotavada (sphota-vada) which understands language as consisting of bursts of sounds conveyi...
This book contains Sanskrit text which you should never take for granted as transcription mistakes are always possible. Always confer with the final source and/or manuscript.
Verse 1.74
Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation of verse 1.74:
啶た啶ㄠ啶ㄠ 啶︵ぐ啷嵿ざ啶ㄠぎ啶距ざ啷嵿ぐ啶苦い啷嵿く 啶掂啶さ啶灌ぞ啶班啶洁え啷佮啶啶い啷� 啷�
啶むい啷嵿ぐ 啶え啷嵿ぎ啷佮啷嵿く啶啶曕啶粪ぞ啶� 啶むい啷嵿ぐ啶距え啷嵿く啷囙し啶距 啶掂た啶ぐ啷嵿く啶 啷� 啷オ 啷�bhinna峁� dar艣anam膩艣ritya vyavah膩ro'nugamyate |
tatra yanmukhyameke峁Ｄ佱箖 tatr膩nye峁Ｄ佱箖 viparyaya岣� || 74 ||74. The practice (of the Grammarians) has been based on these different views. What the main view is to some is, to others, the reverse.
Commentary
In regard to the supreme, sequenceless, inner principle of the word, scholars, on the basis of different traditions re-garding every topic (辫谤补迟测补诲丑颈办补谤补峁嘺尘) have resorted to different doctrines in following the usage of the Science of Grammar. It is as follows鈥擨f the audible form is the same, it is the same word, even when the meaning varies; if the meaning varies, even when the audible form is the same, it is a different word. For some, the difference is secondary and one-ness is primary. For others, difference is primary and one-ness is a matter of usage. It has been said鈥�
鈥淭he same word has many meanings鈥擣or example, ak峁Ｄ佱弗, p膩d膩岣�, 尘腻峁Ｄ佱弗.鈥�1
Similarly, after having said鈥�
鈥淭he word 鈥�village鈥� (驳谤腻尘补) has many meanings.鈥�2 he (the 叠丑腻峁补办腻谤补) concludes specifically by saying鈥斺�淭hat word 鈥榲illage鈥� is taken which stands for the whole, including forests, boundaries and pasture-land.鈥�3
Notes
1. M. Bh膩 on V膩. 9 on P. 1.2.45. (M. Bh膩. I, p. 220).
.. 础办峁 means, among other things, (1) an axle, axis (2) a gambling die (3) an organ of sense; 辫腻诲补 means (1) foot, (2) a quarter, (3) a weight; 尘腻峁 means (1) black gram, (2) a weight, (3) a spot on the skin.
2. M. Bh膩. I, p. 59, 1. 20.
3. M. Bh膩. I, p. 59, 1. 23.