Vaisheshika-sutra with Commentary
by Nandalal Sinha | 1923 | 149,770 words | ISBN-13: 9789332869165
The Vaisheshika-sutra 7.1.4, English translation, including commentaries such as the Upaskara of Shankara Mishra, the Vivriti of Jayanarayana-Tarkapanchanana and the Bhashya of Chandrakanta. The Vaisheshika Sutras teaches the science freedom (moksha-shastra) and the various aspects of the soul (eg., it's nature, suffering and rebirth under the law of karma). This is sutra 4 (鈥榓bove continued鈥�) contained in Chapter 1鈥擮f Colour, Taste, Smell, and Touch, and Magnitude鈥攐f Book VII (of the examination of attributes and of combination).
S奴tra 7.1.4 (Above continued)
Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration, Word-for-word and English translation of Vai艣e峁ka 蝉奴迟谤补 7.1.4:
啶呧お啷嵿じ啷� 啶む啶溹じ啶� 啶掂ぞ啶 啶� 啶ㄠた啶む啶ぞ 啶︵啶班さ啷嵿く啶ㄠた啶む啶さ啶距い啷� 啷� 啷�.啷�.啷� 啷�
apsu tejasi v膩yau ca nity膩 dravyanityav膩t || 7.1.4 ||
apsu鈥攊n water; tejasi鈥攊n fire; 惫腻测补苍鈥攊n air; ca鈥攁苍诲; 苍颈迟测腻岣�鈥攅迟别谤苍补濒; dravya-苍颈迟测补迟惫腻迟鈥攊n consequence of the eternality of substrata.
4. And also in consequence of the eternality of their (respective) substrata, (Colour, etc.) are eternal in Water, Fire, and Air.鈥�260.
Commentary: The 鲍辫补蝉办腻谤补 of 艢补峁卥补谤补 惭颈艣谤补:
(English rendering of 艢补峁卥补谤补 惭颈艣谤补鈥檚 commentary called 鲍辫补蝉办腻谤补 from the 15th century)
Does, then, eternality belong also to colour, etc., which reside in terrene eternal substances? Accordingly he specifies (the eternals referred to in the preceding aphorism).
[Read 蝉奴迟谤补 7.1.4 above]
In aqueous ultimate atoms, Colour, Taste, and Touch are eternal; in igneous ultimate atoms, Colour and Touch; in ultimate atoms of Air, Touch is eternal. 鈥淏ut,鈥� it may be asked, what is the contradiction, if colour, etc., present even in things eternal, be themselves non-eternal like Sound, Understanding, etc.?鈥� Accordingly, an additional reason, viz., non-appearance of another attribute (vide IV. ii. 3 ante), is indicated by the word 鈥榓nd.鈥� For, in Sound, the. manifestation of a different attribute is observed in the form of tones, high, low, etc.; and in knowledge, etc., 蝉补峁僺办腻谤补, impression or habit, etc., contradictory of, or which oppose, knowledge, etc., (are observed). In aqueous, igneous, and aerial ultimate atoms, other attributes, contradictory of colour, etc., do not appear. If they appeared, then Colour, etc., heterogeneous from the antecedent ones, would be observed also in the aqueous and other wholes made up of parts, or compounds, originated by the same ultimate atoms, in the order of binary and other atomic aggregates. But colour, different in kind from white colour, does not belong to Water and Fire; nor do Touches, different in kind from cold and hot Touches. 鈥淗ot water,鈥� 鈥淐old air,鈥濃�攕uch intuitions are, however, due to the influence of 耻辫腻诲丑颈 or adjunct or external condition. This is the import.鈥�1.
Commentary: The 痴颈惫峁泃颈 of Jayan膩r膩ya峁嘺:
(English extracts of Jayan膩r膩ya峁嘺 Tarkapa帽c膩nana鈥檚 痴颈惫峁泃颈 or 鈥榞loss鈥� called the Ka峁嚹乨a蝉奴迟谤补viv峁泃i from the 17th century)
鈥淏ut Colour, etc., residing in aqueous ultimate atoms, being destructible by the conjunction of fire,鈥� it may be objected, 鈥渨hy this generalisation, namely, 鈥渋n eternals鈥� (in the preceding aphorism)?鈥� Hence he specifies the eternals.
The meaning is that Colour, etc., inherent in the eternal earth (i.e., ultimate atoms of earth), are not certainly eternal, but that it has been stated in the preceding aphorism that those only are eternal, which inhere in the eternal Water, Fire, and Air (i.e., aqueous, igneous, and aerial ultimate atoms).