Vaisheshika-sutra with Commentary
by Nandalal Sinha | 1923 | 149,770 words | ISBN-13: 9789332869165
The Vaisheshika-sutra 2.2.9, English translation, including commentaries such as the Upaskara of Shankara Mishra, the Vivriti of Jayanarayana-Tarkapanchanana and the Bhashya of Chandrakanta. The Vaisheshika Sutras teaches the science freedom (moksha-shastra) and the various aspects of the soul (eg., it's nature, suffering and rebirth under the law of karma). This is sutra 9 (鈥榯ime, a cause of non-eternal substances鈥�) contained in Chapter 2鈥擮f the Five Bhutas, Time, and Space鈥攐f Book II (of substances).
S奴tra 2.2.9 (Time, a cause of non-eternal Substances)
Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration, Word-for-word and English translation of Vai艣e峁ka 蝉奴迟谤补 2.2.9:
啶ㄠた啶む啶啶粪啶掂き啶距さ啶距う啶ㄠた啶む啶啶粪 啶ぞ啶掂ぞ啶む 啶曕ぞ啶班ぃ啷� 啶曕ぞ啶侧ぞ啶栢啶啶むた 啷� 啷�.啷�.啷� 啷�
nityo峁abh膩v膩da苍颈迟测别峁 产丑腻惫腻迟 办腻谤补峁噀 k膩l膩khyeti || 2.2.9 ||
苍颈迟测别峁鈥攊n eternal Substances; 补产丑腻惫腻迟鈥攂ecause it does not exist; a苍颈迟测别峁鈥攊n non-eternal Substances; 产丑腻惫腻迟鈥擝ecause it exists; 办腻谤补峁噀鈥攊n the cause; 办腻濒腻办丑测腻鈥攖he name of Time; iti鈥攈别苍肠别.
9. The name Time is applicable to a cause, inasmuch as it does not exist in eternal substances and exists in non-eternal substances.
Commentary: The 鲍辫补蝉办腻谤补 of 艢补峁卥补谤补 惭颈艣谤补:
(English rendering of 艢补峁卥补谤补 惭颈艣谤补鈥檚 commentary called 鲍辫补蝉办腻谤补 from the 15th century)
Here he says that Time is the cause of all that is produced.
[Read 蝉奴迟谤补 2.2.9 above]
The word 鈥榠ti鈥� is used in the sense of 鈥榖ecause.鈥� For this reason the name Time is applicable to 鈥榗ause,鈥� i.e., the cause of all that is produced. He states the reason:鈥斺�淏ecause it doos not exist in eternals, and because it exists in non-eternals.鈥� The moaning is this: Because in the caso of the eternals such as Ether, etc., there do not arise the cognition, 鈥減roduced simultaneously,鈥� 鈥減roduced slowly or late,鈥� 鈥減roduced quickly or early,鈥� 鈥減roduced now,鈥� 鈥減roduced during the day,鈥� 鈥減roduced at night,鈥� etc., whereas cognitions of simultaneity, etc., do arise in the ease of the non-eternals such as the pot, cloth, etc.; therefore, by the methods of agreement as well as difference, Timo is proved to be a cause. It is to be understood that Timo is the occasional or efficient cause of all that is produced, not only in virtue of the cognitions of simultaneity, etc., but also in virtue of the application, of the terms, hibernal, vernal, pluvial, etc., to flowers, fruits, etc.
Commentary: The 痴颈惫峁泃颈 of Jayan膩r膩ya峁嘺:
(English extracts of Jayan膩r膩ya峁嘺 Tarkapa帽c膩nana鈥檚 痴颈惫峁泃颈 or 鈥榞loss鈥� called the Ka峁嚹乨a蝉奴迟谤补viv峁泃i from the 17th century)
In fact, scriptural texts such as 鈥淎ll is produced from Time,鈥� etc., are proof that Time is the cause of every thing that is an effect.