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Skanda Purana

by G. V. Tagare | 1950 | 2,545,880 words

This page describes Kapaleshvara (kapala-ishvara-linga) which is chapter 8 of the English translation of the Skanda Purana, the largest of the eighteen Mahapuranas, preserving the ancient Indian society and Hindu traditions in an encyclopedic format, detailling on topics such as dharma (virtous lifestyle), cosmogony (creation of the universe), mythology (itihasa), genealogy (vamsha) etc. This is the eighth chapter of the Caturashiti-linga-mahatmya of the Avantya-khanda of the Skanda Purana.

Chapter 8 - Kapāleśvara (kapāla-īśvara-liṅga)

[Sanskrit text for this chapter is available]

Note: The story illustrates the efficacy of this ṅg [i.e., Kapāleśvara] to redeem the sin of 󳾲ṇa-slaughter. This is repeated elsewhere in 첹Ի岹ܰṇa.

Śrī Rudra said:

1-7. O ī, know that the eighth deity is named Kapāleśvara. Merely by seeing it, the sin of 󳾲ṇa-slaughter vanishes.

Formerly in Vaivasvata Kalpa at the advent of հܲ, O beloved one, a divine ۲ñ was in progress in ѲԲ under the guidance of . As the 󳾲ṇas were seated all round and the Homa was being performed in the sacrificial fire, I assumed the guise of a and went to the assembly there.

O goddess, I had shaved off the hair and was clad in tattered rags and held a ṭvṅg (a skull-topped club). The ash of the cremation ground had been smeared on my limbs. I was in an ugly state with a loathsome face. Skulls formed my ornaments and a skull was held by me in the hand.

On seeing me in the habit and dress of a rustic rogue with a skull held (in a hand), all of them censured me and frequently hurled on me abuses and words like “Fie upon you,� “O sinner, O sinner,� “Be gone,� “Away,� “We have been ridiculed,� “How can the Homa be performed when the 첹 is standing in front? It is loudly proclaimed in the Vedas that skulls are not pure. The sacrificial altar is not suitable unto you who hold a human bone (in hand).�

8-19. I told those 󳾲ṇas: “May this be heard, O excellent 󳾲ṇas. All of you are kind and merciful. You are worried over other’s miseries. Mercy should always be shown by good people to all embodied beings. A 󳾲ṇa is said to be friend of all creatures. I am a 첹 󳾲ṇa with my body embellished with holy ash. I roam about on the earth after having duly adopted Vrata. I always propitiate Ѳ𱹲, the Lord of the universe. This holy vow is for the destruction of the sin of 󳾲ṇa-slaughter. I� is to be continued for twelve years. This holy rite undertaken by me is famous in the world as destroyer of sins, O 󳾲ṇas. The aim is expiation. If purified, I will attain beatitude.�

On hearing my explanatory statement those excellent 󳾲ṇas said: “O base one, you are excessively sinful. So you speak thus. One embellished by skulls is despicable, especially a slayer of a 󳾲ṇa. Ѳ𱹲 was not invited in the great festival of ٲṣa’s sacrifice, wherein Ā徱ٲⲹ, Vasus, վś𱹲, Maruts, Gandharvas, Kinnaras, , վṣṇ, Indra, ղṇa, , Kubera, all the oceans, rivers, all the lakes, ܱ貹ṇa, mountains and all the serpents had been invited. They came with all their followers and wives. So also 󳾲ṇas who are masters of the Vedas, illustrious 󳾲ṇa-sages and the pure celestial sages.� After saying this, they continued: “Even after knowing that Ѳ𱹲 embellished with human bones, is impure, how dare you say, ‘Let admission be given to me,� particularly when you are also a Brāhmiṇa-slayer?�

20-27. When I was told thus by the 󳾲ṇas, I spoke these words: “Wait for a short while; I shall go off after taking food.� When these words were spoken, O fair lady, I was beaten severely with sticks, kicked with feet and hit with fists. Lumps of clay were hurled on me. Thereupon, I laughed and threw the skull down on the altar which was spread over with ś grass. Thereafter I vanished (like the flame of a lamp) without being known by the excellent 󳾲ṇas. After I disappeared they threw the skull out of the pavilion. O lady of renown, another skull of the same colour and form cropped up there. Thus hundreds, thousands, millions and trillions of skulls appeared and were thrown out and yet cropped up. They were wonder-struck. All the wise ones among them said: “This is not the work of anyone other than Lord Ѳ𱹲 having Ҳṅg and crescent moon as his crest jewels.� Thereupon, I was eulogized severally by the 󳾲ṇas by means of different kinds of prayers. They performed Homas in the fire uttering the Mantras of Śٲܻⲹ. Then I was pleased, O goddess, and said out of sympathy to the 󳾲ṇas: “O ye 󳾲ṇas, may a boon desired mentally be chosen.�

28-36a. Then those 󳾲ṇas said: “Unwittingly we had made deadly attack on you. Thereby, O Lord of the universe, a 󳾲ṇa’s slaughter has been committed by us. In order to eradicate that sin of 󳾲ṇa-slaughter, O Lord, extend your grace unto us. We request for this boon alone. No other boon is desired.�

Thereupon, I said thus to those 󳾲ṇas: “There was a primordial ṅg where you all hurled the skulls into a heap. It has become hidden due to the efflux of time. May the 󳾲ṇas see that ṅg that rids one of the sin of 󳾲ṇa-slaugḥter.

O eminent 󳾲ṇas, 󳾲ṇa-slaughter was committed by me too formerly, when I severed the fifth, excessively luminous head of . Thereupon, extremely unbearable sin of 󳾲ṇa-slaughter was incurred by me. The skull too stuck to my palm and became acutely painful. I was overwhelmed by the sin of 󳾲ṇa-slaughter and was well nigh burnt thereby. I went on a pilgrimage to the holy spots in order to eradicate it immediately. I had visited all the īٳ󲹲 but was never released by that sin. This resulted in my misery and torments and I did not get any happiness anywhere. In the meantime an unembodied divine voice said:

36b-45. ‘O Lord, go to Գī. Why do you suffer the misery unnecessarily? It was by you, O Lord, that the sacred ѲԲ was created, wherein Rudra of miraculous vision is installed with the skull in his hand. How is it that you do not know that the holy spot is destructive of great sins? In that holy spot, there is a great ṅg in the vicinity of the deity in the form of an elephant. See it, O Lord of Devas. The sin of 󳾲ṇa-slaughter will get destroyed.�

On hearing those excellent words, I hastened to this place. The great ṅg stationed with the skull in the hand was seen. Then, O 󳾲ṇas, the skull (got unstuck and) fell into the ground from my hand. The name was assigned by me (to it) saying, ‘This is the deity Kapāleśvara Deva.� O 󳾲ṇas, may all of you see the Lord named Kapāleśvara. Merely by the sight thereof you all will become free from ignominy.�

Thereafter, the ṅg was seen by them. It was covered by many skulls. By visiting that ṅg they became blessed and contented. Hence this ṅg named Kapāleśvara has become famous on the earth. O great goddess, those who worship the deity named Kapāleśvara become men of meritorious deeds and attain the greatest goal. Even after perpetrating terrible sins, including that of 󳾲ṇa-slaughter, if a man sees that ṅg, those sins get destroyed. This deity, worshipped on the fourteenth lunar day, destroys all sins committed mentally, verbally and physically.

46-49. Those who worship it even incidentally, O lady of excellent countenance, do obtain all their desires whatever they may be, even if they are inaccessible. He obtains prosperity, unparalleled piety, longevity, good health, freedom from ailments, incomparable riddance (elimination) of enemies and the like. O my beloved, even the worst of sinners, men engaged in ruthless activities, become rid of sins. They will turn out to be leaders of my Ҳṇa. O my beloved, those who regularly visit the deity for a year, will see my favourite abode after casting off their mortal bodies.

Thus, O fair lady, the sin-destroying power of Kapāleśvara Deva has been spoken to you. Now listen to the account of Svargadvāreśvara.

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