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Sahitya-kaumudi by Baladeva Vidyabhushana

by Gaurapada Dāsa | 2015 | 234,703 words

Baladeva Vidyabhusana’s Sahitya-kaumudi covers all aspects of poetical theory except the topic of dramaturgy. All the definitions of poetical concepts are taken from Mammata’s Kavya-prakasha, the most authoritative work on Sanskrit poetical rhetoric. Baladeva Vidyabhushana added the eleventh chapter, where he expounds additional ornaments from Visv...

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उदाहरणम्,

ܻ󲹰ṇa,

This is an example of contextual things connected with the same attribute:

dṛṣṭi� Ծⲹ ܰī-nikuramba-vīthyā� kṛṣṇeti ṇa-yugalⲹԱ ñ峾 |
śśūṣaṇe murali-nisvanitasya 첹ṇa citta� mukhe tava nayaty ahar adya ||

ṛṣṭi—t sight; Ծⲹ—after putting (engaging); ܰī—of cows; nikuramba—of the multitude; īٳ峾—on the path; ṛṣ-ṇa—kṛṣ and ṇa; iti—t󾱲; ṇa—of syllables; yugala—t pair; ⲹԱ—in repeating; ñ峾—t tongue (“it knows taste�); śśūṣaṇe—in the desire to ear; murali—of the flute; nisvanitasya—t sound; 첹ṇa—t two ears; cittam—t heart; mukhe—on the face; tava—Ydzܰ; nayati—leads (passes); —t day; adya£Ƿ; ‸.

Now Rādhā is passing Her day by engaging Her eyes on the path of the cows, Her tongue in repeating the two syllables �ṛṣṇa�, Her ears in the desire to ear the sound of Your flute, and Her heart on Your face. (ᱹ-īԾ 15.157)

atra prākaraṇikānām eva dṛṣṭy-ādīnā� nidhāna-rūpaika-kriyā-sambandha�.

In this verse, there is a connection of things, beginning from the eyes, all of which are contextual, with only one action: “engaging�.

Commentary:

The eyes and so on are contextual inasmuch as Rādhā is the subject of description and they are directly related to Her. Moreover, according to Ruyyaka, Բٳ, and Nāgeśa Bhaṭṭa, the life of ٳܱⲹ-Dz is an implied similitude.[1] In the above example, the implied similarity is that Rādhā’s eyes, tongue, and so on are fixated on something directly or indirectly related to ṛṣṇa.

This is Mammaṭa’s example of tulya,

pāṇḍu kṣāma� vadana� hṛdaya� sa-rasa� tavālasa� ca vapu� |
āvedayati nitānta� kṣetriya-roga� sakhi hṛd-anta� ||

ī, your face pale and emaciated, your heart passionate, and your body languid indicate an incurable disease of the heart� (屹ⲹ-ś verse 460).

The similarity is the action of indicating. The obvious implied similarity is that they resemble the symptoms of an ailment, but the subtly implied similarity is that they are effects of the pang of separation.

This is an example of ٳܱⲹ-Dz by ʲṇḍٲ-Ჹ Բٳ:

latā kusuma-bhāreṇa śīla-bhāreṇa sundarī |
kavitā cārtha-bhāreṇa śrayate kām api śriyam ||

“A creeper, by the weight of flowers, a coquette, by the weight of her good nature, and poetry, by the weight of the meanings, display some particular resplendence� (Rasa-ṅg󲹰, KM p. 327).

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

aupamyasya gamyatve padārtha-gatatvena prastutānām aprastutānā� vā samāna-dharmābhisambandhe ٳܱⲹ-Dz || (ṅk-sarvasva, KM p. 70); ki� ca ī貹첹-tulyayogitādau gamyamānam aupamya� jīvātur iti sarveṣāṃ sammatam (Rasa-ṅg󲹰, KM p. 325); eva� ca prākaraṇikāprākaraṇikobhayāvṛttitve saty aupamyākṣepakatva� lakṣaṇam (Uddyota 10.104cd).

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