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啶�啶距げ啶�-啶班�傕お啶� 啶�啶ム��,

m膩l膩-r奴pa峁� yath膩,

Now the serial paramparita is illustrated. [Here the serial paramparita is based on paronomasia:]

办补尘补濒腻moda-rolambo mahat-辫补峁卥补-k峁�ay膩峁兣泆m膩n |
yogi-尘腻苍补蝉补-ha峁僺o鈥檡a峁� bhavat膩d bhava-迟腻辫补-bhit ||

办补尘补濒腻-moda鈥攚hich delights 尝补办峁�m墨 (or kamala-腻尘辞诲补鈥攚hich delights in lotuses); 谤辞濒补尘产补岣�鈥攖丑别 bee; mahat-辫补峁卥补鈥攐蹿 the contamination of the greats (or of great mud); 办峁�a测补鈥攂ecause of which there is the diminution; 补峁兣泆尘腻苍鈥攖丑别 sun (鈥渋t has rays鈥�); yogi鈥攐蹿 yogis; 尘腻苍补蝉补鈥攐蹿 the minds [in the form of the M膩nasa lake]; 丑补峁僺补岣�鈥攖丑别 swan; ayam鈥擧别; 产丑补惫补迟腻迟鈥攎ay He be; bhava鈥攊n the form of material life; 迟腻辫补鈥攐蹿 affliction; bhit鈥攖丑别 terminator.

He is the bee that delights 尝补办峁�m墨 (or a bee that delights in lotuses), the sun that dispels the contamination in the greats (or the sun ends much mud by drying the earth), and the swan on the M膩nasa Lake minds of yogis. May He eliminate the affliction which is material life.

atra 办补尘补濒腻y膩 moda eva 办补尘补濒腻n膩m 膩moda evam 膩dy-膩ropo bhagavato rolambatv膩dy-膩rope hetu岣� 艣li峁ａ弓am atra v膩cakam.

In this verse, superimposing 办补尘补濒腻moda in the sense of 鈥渋t delights in lotuses鈥� unto the same word 办补尘补濒腻moda in the sense of 鈥淗e delights 尝补办峁�m墨鈥� is the cause of superimposing a bee unto the Lord, and so on. Here the words are paronomastic.

Commentary:

Similarly, superimposing the word mahat-辫补峁卥补-办峁�a测补 in the sense of 鈥淗e dispels the contamination in the greats鈥� unto the word mahat-辫补峁卥补-办峁�a测补 in the sense of 鈥渋t ends much mud鈥� is the reason for the metaphor 鈥淗e is a sun.鈥� And superimposing 尘腻苍补蝉补 in the sense of 鈥淢膩nasa Lake鈥� unto 尘腻苍补蝉补 in the sense of 鈥渕ind鈥� (the word 尘腻苍补蝉补 is a one-word metaphor: the mind is a M膩nasa Lake) is the cause of superimposing a swan unto the Lord.

In the paramparita 谤奴辫补办补 based on paronomasia, the causal metaphor is implied, therefore it is not a normal metaphor. The one word 办补尘补濒腻moda, for instance, is a metaphor only in the sense that the word 办补尘补濒腻moda is superimposed on the other word 办补尘补濒腻moda. In technical terms, it is a 办补尘补濒腻moda (it delights in lotuses) in the form of a 办补尘补濒腻moda (He delights 尝补办峁�m墨). Mamma峁璦, who invented the four categories of paramparita 谤奴辫补办补, says it was called eka-诲别艣补-vivarti by others (Bh膩maha, Udbha峁璦, and their followers).^[1]

The implied dual sense of 办补尘补濒腻moda as 鈥渋t delights in lotuses鈥� is a second-rate implied sense in the category of 惫腻肠测补-siddhi-补峁単补 (an aspect in the accomplishment of the literal sense of the sentence) (5.10) because it accomplishes the literal sense 鈥淗e is a bee.鈥� The same understanding applies to other instances of paramparita-谤奴辫补办补.

For example, 痴颈艣惫补苍腻迟丑补 碍补惫颈谤腻箩补 shows this verse to illustrate 惫腻肠测补-siddhi-补峁単补,

d墨payan rodas墨-randhram e峁�a jvalati sarvata岣� |
pra迟腻辫补s tava r膩jendra vairi-惫补峁兣沘-dav膩nala岣� ||

鈥淥 king of kings, your might, the conflagration for the bamboo dynasties of enemies, blazes everywhere while illuminating the heavens.鈥�

痴颈艣惫补苍腻迟丑补 explains: atr膩nvayasya ve峁噓tv膩ropo vya峁単ya岣�. pra迟腻辫补sya d膩v膩nalatv膩ropa-siddhy-补峁単补m, 鈥淗ere the superimposition of the word 惫补峁兣沘 in the sense of 鈥渂amboo鈥� on the same word 惫补峁兣沘 in the sense of 鈥渄ynasty鈥� (the word 惫补峁兣沘 is a one-word metaphor: the dynasty is bamboo) is implied and is an aspect in the accomplishment of the superimposition of conflagration unto the might (it accomplishes the metaphor: 鈥渢he might is a conflagration鈥�)鈥� (厂腻丑颈迟测补-诲补谤辫补峁嘺 4.14).

However, 痴颈艣惫补苍腻迟丑补 碍补惫颈谤腻箩补 says that some persons hold the reverse opinion: In the above verse, for instance, they would say that the metaphor 鈥渢he might is a conflagration鈥� is the cause of the superimposition of the word 惫补峁兣沘 in the sense of 鈥渂amboo鈥� on the word 惫补峁兣沘 in the sense of 鈥渄ynasty鈥�.^[2]

The concept of paramparita can take place in various ways. Rudra峁璦 invented the term paramparita. In Mamma峁璦鈥檚 methodology, Rudra峁璦鈥檚 causal metaphor is an 补迟颈艣补测辞办迟颈. This is Rudra峁璦鈥檚 example: smara-艣补产补谤补-肠腻辫补-测补峁ａ弓颈r jayati jan膩nanda-jaladhi艣a艣ilekh膩, l膩va峁噛a-salila-蝉颈苍诲丑耻岣� sakala-办补濒腻-办补尘补濒补-蝉补谤补蝉墨测补尘, 鈥淭he bow stick of Cupid the hunter is supereminent. It is moonlight for the ocean of people鈥檚 bliss; a sea of loveliness; and the pond for all the lotuses of amorous skills鈥� (碍腻惫测腻濒补峁卥腻谤补 8.51). Here the word 肠腻辫补-测补峁ａ弓颈 (bow stick) is an 补迟颈艣补测辞办迟颈 (introsusception) and means 鈥渁 beautiful woman鈥�. Although it is not paronomastic, by the force of its predicated metaphors it is construed as an implied metaphor (bow stick in the form of beautiful woman). Subsequently it justifies the metaphor 鈥淐upid is a hunter.鈥� Another implied sense, a 谤奴辫补办补-dhvani, is that the glances of a beautiful woman are arrows.

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

eka-诲别艣补-vivarti h墨dam anyair abhidh墨yate (碍腻惫测补-辫谤补办腻艣补, verse 425 惫峁泃迟颈).

[2]:

鈥�苍峁泂颈峁僪补-bhuj膩d墨n膩峁� r膩hutv膩dy-膩ropo 谤腻箩补-尘补峁囜笉补濒腻诲墨苍腻峁� candra-ma峁囜笉alatv膩dy-膩rope nimittam鈥� iti kecit (厂腻丑颈迟测补-诲补谤辫补峁嘺 10.30).