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Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation by Ganganath Jha:

啶呧�溹��啶掂�傕じ啷嵿い啷� 啶�啶ム�嬥�曕�嵿い啷囙え 啶�啷嵿ぐ啶距す啷嵿ぎ啶｀�� 啶膏�嵿さ啷囙�� 啶曕ぐ啷嵿ぎ啶｀ぞ 啷�
啶溹��啶掂�囙い啷� 啶曕�嵿し啶む�嵿ぐ啶苦く啶оぐ啷嵿ぎ啷囙ぃ 啶� 啶灌�嵿く啶膏�嵿く 啶�啷嵿ぐ啶む�嵿く啶ㄠえ啷嵿い啶班�� 啷� 啷�啷� 啷�

aj墨va峁僺tu yathoktena br膩hma峁嘺岣� svena karma峁嚹� |
j墨vet k峁�atriyadharme峁嘺 sa hyasya pratyanantara岣� || 81 ||

If the 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺 is unable to subsist by his own occupation as described above, he may make a living by the function of the 碍峁�a迟谤颈测补; since this latter is next to him.鈥�(81)

 

Medh膩tithi鈥檚 commentary (manubh膩峁�ya):

When ho finds it difficult to maintain himself, his family and his business, and he is unable to obtain wealth sufficient for all this, then he is said to be 鈥�unable to subsist.鈥�

鈥�As described above鈥�;鈥�i.e., by Teaching and the rest Ho may make, like the 碍峁�a迟谤颈测补, a living by guarding over villages and towns, by carrying arms and weapons, and also, if possible, by ruling over the people.

The exact meaning of 鈥榤aking a living鈥� has been already explained; it does not stand here for the mere maintenance of one鈥檚 own body; it implies the maintenance of the family and also the carrying on of one鈥檚 business.

鈥�He is next to him鈥欌赌斺赌�pratyanantara鈥� is the same as 鈥�anantara.鈥� Inasmuch as the text has provided this reason, it follows that the occupations of those removed by further degrees (i.e., of the 痴补颈艣测补 or the 艢奴dra) involve sin for the 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺. Though the abandoning of his own occupation would be the same in all, yet it should not be thought that there is no difference in the degree of transgression of the law involved in having recourse to the occupations of the 痴补颈艣测补 and those of the 艢奴dra; since, as the next verse declares, the 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺 may have recourse to the occupation of the 痴补颈艣测补).鈥�(81)

 

Explanatory notes by Ganganath Jha

This verse is quoted in 惭补诲补苍补辫腻谤颈箩腻迟补 (p. 231);鈥攊n V墨ramitrodaya, (R膩jan墨ti, p. 13), to the effect that Kingship is not altogether forbidden to the 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺;鈥攁nd in 狈峁泂颈峁僪补辫谤补蝉腻诲补 (膧hnika, 36b).

 

Comparative notes by various authors

(verses 10.81-84)

Gautama (7.4-7).鈥斺�業n times of distress, it is permissible to offer sacrifices for men of all castes, to teach them and to accept gifts from them; each preceding mode of living being preferable to the succeeding. On failure of the occupations lawful for the 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺, he may live by the occupations of the 碍峁�a迟谤颈测补; and on failure of these latter, he may live by the occupations of the 痴补颈艣测补.鈥�

叠补耻诲丑腻测补苍补 (1.4.16-21).鈥斺�楢 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺, who is unable to subsist by teaching, sacrificing for others or the acceptance of gifts, shall maintain himself by following the duties of the 碍峁�a迟谤颈测补, because that is the next following caste. Gautama declares that the 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺 shall not act thus; for the functions of the 碍峁�a迟谤颈测补 are too cruel for the 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺. They quote also the following verse:鈥斺�淥ut of regard for the sacred law, a 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺 or a 痴补颈艣测补 may take up arms for the protection of cows or 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺s, or when a confusion of castes threatens to take place.鈥� Or, the 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺 may adopt the 痴补颈艣测补鈥檚 means of livelihood; because that is the one following next. If he lives by agriculture, he shall plough before breakfast, and with two bulls whose noses have not been pierced, never striking them with the goad, but frequently coaxing them.鈥�

痴补艣颈峁ａ弓丑补 (2.22-24, 32-33).鈥斺�楾hose who are unable to live by their own lawful occupation may adopt that of the next inferior caste; but never that of a higher caste. A 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺 and a 碍峁�a迟谤颈测补 who have resorted to the 痴补颈艣测补鈥檚 mode of livelihood and maintain themselves by trade shall not sell the following things鈥攕tone, &c., &c., &c. For the purpose of cultivation, he shall plough before breakfast with two bulls whose noses have not been pierced; if he ploughs in the hot season, he shall water his beasts even in the morning.鈥�

痴颈峁ａ箛耻 (2.15).鈥斺�業n times of distress, each caste may follow the occupation of that next to it in rank.鈥�

驰腻箩帽补惫补濒办测补 (3.34).鈥斺�業n times of distress, the 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺 may maintain himself by the occupation of the 碍峁�a迟谤颈测补, or by that of the 痴补颈艣测补; but having tided over the distress, he shall purify himself by expiations and confine himself to his own path.鈥�

惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 (3.208.23鈥�12.263.44-45).鈥�(Same as Manu 84.)

狈腻谤补诲补 (1.56-60).鈥斺�業n times of distress, a 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺 is allowed to gain his subsistence in the mode prescribed for the caste next to him in rank; or he may gain his subsistence like a 痴补颈艣测补. But he must never resort to the mode of livelihood prescribed for the lowest caste. At no time should a 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺 follow the occupations of a man of vile caste, or a vile man the occupations of a 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺; in either case, expulsion from caste would be the immediate consequence... When a 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺 has lived through the times of distress, with the wealth acquired by following the occupations of the 碍峁�a迟谤颈测补, he must perform a penance and relinquish those occupations. When a 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺 takes delight in those occupations and persists in them, he is declared to be a 碍腻峁囜笉补辫峁涐梗峁环补 and must be expelled from society, because he has swerved from the path of duty.鈥�