365bet娱乐

Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation by Ganganath Jha:

啶多�傕う啷嵿ぐ啷堗�� 啶�啶距ぐ啷嵿く啶� 啶多�傕う啷嵿ぐ啶膏�嵿く 啶膏ぞ 啶� 啶膏�嵿さ啶� 啶� 啶掂た啶多�� 啶膏�嵿ぎ啷冟い啷� 啷�
啶む�� 啶� 啶膏�嵿さ啶� 啶氞�堗�� 啶班ぞ啶溹�嵿�炧ざ啷嵿�� 啶むぞ啶多�嵿�� 啶膏�嵿さ啶� 啶氞ぞ啶椸�嵿ぐ啶溹え啷嵿ぎ啶ㄠ�� 啷� 啷оォ 啷�

艣奴诲谤补颈惫补 bh膩ry膩 艣奴drasya s膩 ca sv膩 ca vi艣a岣� sm峁泃e |
te ca sv膩 caiva r膩j帽a艣ca t膩艣ca sv膩 c膩grajanmana岣� || 13 ||

For the 艢奴诲谤补, the 艢奴诲谤补 girl. alone has been ordained to be the wife; for the Vai艣ya, she as also the girl of his own caste; for the K峁�atriya, those two as also the girl of his own caste; and for the 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺 those three as also the girl of his own caste鈥�(13).

 

Medh膩tithi鈥檚 commentary (尘补苍耻产丑腻峁�y补):

There being a distinction of castes, 鈥榦ne鈥檚 own caste鈥� constitutes the (upward) limit. Just as for the 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺, there are K峁�atriya and other wives, so it would seem as if for the 艢奴诲谤补 also there would be wives belonging to the lower orders of 鈥榳asher-woman and carpenter.鈥� In order to preclude this possibility, the text lays down the restriction that the 艢奴诲谤补 can have a wife from his own caste only. A wife of the higher caste is precluded by the qualifying phrase, 鈥榠n due order,鈥� in the preceding verse.

鈥�She鈥欌赌�i.e., the 艢奴诲谤补 woman鈥斺��and girl of his own caste鈥欌赌�i.e., the Vai艣ya woman鈥斺�榝or the Vai艣ya.鈥�

鈥�Those two鈥欌赌攖he Vai艣ya woman and the 艢奴诲谤补 woman,鈥斺��and the girl of his own caste鈥欌赌� 鈥�for the K峁�atriya.鈥�

Similarly, 鈥�for the 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺.鈥�

The right order would appear to be that the verse should begin with the 鈥�叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺,鈥� but it begins with the 鈥�艢奴诲谤补鈥� which only goes to lend strength to the aforesaid notion (that a wife of the higher class is not permitted).

In this connection, it has been declared that 鈥榳hat is meant by the text is that there should be option in order, and not a combination of all (the several kinds of wives).鈥欌赌�(13)

 

Explanatory notes by Ganganath Jha

Hopkins compares this with the 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 13, 47. 8.

This verse is quoted in 笔补谤腻艣补谤补尘腻诲丑补惫补 (膧c膩ra, p. 404) as an amplification of what has been declared in the latter half of the preceding verse;鈥攊n 痴墨谤补尘颈迟谤辞诲补测补 (Sa峁僺k膩ra, p. 740) along with the preceding verse; and in 础辫补谤腻谤办补, (p. 88), which adds that what is stated hero is permissible only in the case of people moved by lust, and not of those who are subject to righteousness; so that these are to be regarded as 鈥榠nferior鈥斺��碍谤补尘补艣补岣�鈥� (verse 12) in due order, not in any topsy-turvy 鈥榦rder鈥攊n 厂尘峁泃颈办补耻尘耻诲墨 (p. 3), which observes that the eva in 鈥�艣奴诲谤补颈惫补鈥� is meant to preclude marriage of the 鈥榠nverse鈥� order;鈥�i.e., where the bridegroom鈥檚 caste is lower than that of the bride;鈥攁nd in 厂尘峁泃颈肠补苍诲谤颈办腻 (Sa峁僺k膩ra, p. 206), which adds that this pertains to marriage for pleasure鈥檚 sake.

 

Comparative notes by various authors

(verses 3.12-13)

See Comparative notes for Verse 3.12.

 

Comparative notes by various authors

(verses 3.13-19)

痴补艣颈峁ａ弓丑补 (1. 27).鈥斺�楤y doing this, degradation of family is certain, and after death, fall from heaven.鈥�

痴补艣颈峁ａ弓丑补 (14. 5).鈥斺�楾he Devas eat not in the house of the 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺-husband of a 艢奴诲谤补 wife.鈥�

驰腻箩帽补惫补濒办测补 (1. 56).鈥斺�楾he view that has been held, that the Twice-born may take a 艢奴诲谤补 wife,鈥攖his I do not accept; because the man himself is born in his wife.鈥�

艢补峁卥丑补 (4. 9).鈥斺�楤y the twice-born, the 艢奴诲谤补 girl shall not be made a wife, even in times of distress; there is no salvation for him as born of her. Those twice-born persons among whose Sapi峁囜笉a descendants, a 艢奴诲谤补-born person comes in,鈥攁ll become 艢奴诲谤补s themselves, even though they may have attained heaven. For these reasons, he shall always avoid the taking of a 艢奴诲谤补 wife.鈥�

痴颈峁ａ箛耻 (26. 26).鈥�(Reproduces Manu 15.)

痴颈峁ａ箛耻 (26. 25).鈥斺�楩or the twice-born person, a 艢奴诲谤补 wife can never serve any religious purpose; she may be taken sometimes only for the purpose of pleasure.鈥�

痴颈峁ａ箛耻 (46. 7).鈥�(Reproduces Manu 18)

叠补耻诲丑腻测补苍补 (2. 1. 41).鈥斺�楤egetting children on a 艢奴诲谤补 wife, etc., etc....... lead to degradation.鈥�

V峁沝dha Yama (3. 13).鈥斺�業f the 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺, infatuated with pride, marries a low-caste wife, he commits the sin of 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺-killing day after day鈥� [then it reproduces Manu 19].

Yama (痴墨谤补尘颈迟谤辞诲补测补-Sa峁僺k膩ra, p. 750).鈥斺�業f the 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺 has intercourse with a 艢奴诲谤补 woman, he remains impure for three days; if he begets a child on her, he falls off from 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺-hood.鈥�

贬腻谤墨迟补 (Do.).鈥斺�楾he 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺 having recourse to 峁環e 艢奴诲谤补 woman immediately goes downward; if he has a child by her, he becomes fallen.鈥�

贬腻谤墨迟补 (Do., p. 751).鈥斺�楾here is a doubt as to whether or not the 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺 becomes degraded by begetting children on wives of lower castes. There can be no such in regard to K峁�atriya or Vai艣ya wives. But he who begets a child on the 艢奴诲谤补 certainly becomes degraded.鈥�

鲍艣补苍补蝉 (Do., p. 751).鈥斺�楾here may be expiation for the wine-drinker, or even for the 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺-murderer; there is none for one who has begotten a child on a 艢奴诲谤补 wife......... Some people say that the 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺-husband of a 艢奴诲谤补 girl becomes degraded; according to others, he does not become degraded, because of the assertion that the 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺 may have four wives in due order of the four castes.鈥�

叠丑补惫颈峁�y补-辫耻谤腻峁嘺 (Do.).鈥斺�楢tri became degraded by leading a 艢奴诲谤补 girl to the altar; Utathya became degraded by begetting a son on the 艢奴诲谤补; 艢aunaka became a 艢奴诲谤补 by having a grandson born from a 艢奴诲谤补; similarly Bh峁沢u and others also became degraded.鈥�

叠谤补丑尘补-辫耻谤腻峁嘺 (Do., p. 752).鈥斺�楾he 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺 shall never marry the K峁�atriya, the Vai艣ya or the 艢奴诲谤补 girl; but after having married a 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺-girl, he may afterwards marry the others, but only under certain circumstances.鈥�

惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 (膧艣vamedhika-笔补谤腻艣补谤补尘腻诲丑补惫补, p. 495).鈥斺�榃hen the semen falls into the womb of the 艢奴诲谤补 woman, it gives out a loud wail of grief saying 鈥�I am, fallen into an ordure-pit; this man, blinded by sinful lust, is casting me downwards, may he himself quickly fall down into the lowest state;鈥濃�攈aving thus cursed the man, it falls down.鈥�

惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 (Anu艣膩sana-笔补谤腻艣补谤补尘腻诲丑补惫补, p. 496).鈥斺�楾he good do not commend the begetting of children on a 艢奴诲谤补 wife; some people have declared that even for purposes of enjoyment, one shall not have recourse to a 艢奴诲谤补 girl.鈥�

厂尘峁泃测补苍迟补谤补 (Do., p. 496).鈥斺�楾he marrying of a girl of a different caste......... should be avoided during the Kali age.鈥�