Essay name: Bhakti-rasayana by Madhusudana Sarasvati
Author:
Lance Edward Nelson
Affiliation: McMaster University / Religious Studies
This is a study and English translation of the Bhakti-rasayana by Madhusudana Sarasvati (16th century)鈥攐ne of the greatest and most vigorous exponents of Advaita after Shankara-Acharya who was also a great devotee of Krishna. The Bhaktirasayana attempts to merge non-dualist metaphysics with the ecstatic devotion of the Bhagavata Purana, by asserting that Bhakti is the highest goal of life and by arguinng that Bhakti embodies God within the devotee's mind.
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NOTES: CHAPTER ONE 385 89tasya pr膩峁噄j膩tasya pratyag膩tmabh奴tatv膩d vanan墨ya峁�
sambhajaniyam atas tadvanam nama prakhyatam brahma tadvanam,
quoted by Radhakrishnan, The Principal Upanisads (London:
George Allen & Unwin Ltd., 1968), p. 592 (my trans.).
90 tadd ha tadvanam n膩ma tadvanam ity up膩sitavyam sa
ya etad evam vedabhi hainam sarv膩峁噄 bhut膩ni samva帽chanti,
KeU 4.9.
91" Steady remembrance of this kind is designated by
the word 'devotion' (bhakti); for this term has the same
meaning as up膩san膩 (meditation)," SBR 1.1.1; Thibaut, p. 16.
92 Sankara: "This scripture called the G墨t膩 is the
summary of the essence of the meaning of the entire Veda"
(tad idam g墨t膩艣膩stra峁� samastavedas膩rasa峁噂r膩habh奴tam, SGB
intro.; Pan, p. 5). There is also the traditional verse:
"All the Upani峁ds are the cows, K峁涐梗峁嘺, the cowherd's son,
is the milker, the wise Arjuna is the calf, and the nectar-
like G墨t膩 is the milk" (sarvopa峁囜梗ado g膩vo dug岣峢a gop膩la-
nandana岣� / partho vatsa岣udhir bhokt膩 dugdham g墨t膩m峁泃am
mahat).
93 For example: Vedic ritualism, Upanisadic
intuitionism and monism, yogic meditation and other forms of
non-Vedic asceticism, the ethos of renunciation encouraged
by the Buddhist, Jaina, and other "heterodox" movements, and
the theism of the popular but unorthodox forms of religion
such as that of the Bhagavata school. See Bhandarkar, pp.
2-33.
BG 18.54.
94 brahmabh奴ta岣�
鈥�
鈥�
madbhaktim labhate par膩m,
BG 18.55.
95bhakty膩 m膩m abhij膩n膩ti y膩v膩n ya艣 ca 'smi tattva岣�,
96 madvyap膩艣raya岣� matpras膩d膩d av膩pnoti 艣膩艣vatam padam
avyayam, BG 18.56.
97 m膩m ekam 艣ara峁嘺m vraja / aham sarvap膩pebhyo
mok峁yi峁膩mi, BG 18.66.
98 Jacob, Concordance, p. 664.
99.
sarvabh膩vena, BG 18.62.
100 mayy 盲ve艣ya mano, BG 12.2; mayy eva mana
膩dhatsva, BG 12.8.
10.10.
101 te艣膩m satatayukt膩n膩峁� bhajat膩m pr墨tip奴rvakam, BG
