Essay name: Bhakti-rasayana by Madhusudana Sarasvati
Author:
Lance Edward Nelson
Affiliation: McMaster University / Religious Studies
This is a study and English translation of the Bhakti-rasayana by Madhusudana Sarasvati (16th century)—one of the greatest and most vigorous exponents of Advaita after Shankara-Acharya who was also a great devotee of Krishna. The Bhaktirasayana attempts to merge non-dualist metaphysics with the ecstatic devotion of the Bhagavata Purana, by asserting that Bhakti is the highest goal of life and by arguinng that Bhakti embodies God within the devotee's mind.
Page 356 of: Bhakti-rasayana by Madhusudana Sarasvati
356 (of 553)
External source: Shodhganga (Repository of Indian theses)
Download the PDF file of the original publication
344 53
interpretation, for at 18.66, as we have seen, he is not
afraid to openly disagree with the great commentator.
Madhusūdana's final advice to Arjuna--and through him all
other non-Brahmins who seek spiritual realization--is that
of a conservative Samkarite: Kṛṣṇa's pupil should follow the
path of knowledge, having first "attained the proper
qualification" (adhikāram āsādya).54
Of course, Madhusüdana
neglects to mention that such competence cannot be obtained
by a Kṣatriya in his present birth.
I
The ideal life of devotion portrayed in the GAD is,
then, something quite different from that described in the
BR. It is bhakti rendered compatible with jñānayoga. The
latter, it will be remembered, was the alternative left
undiscussed at BR 1, section III, where the spiritual life
was split into the ways of knowledge and devotion.
suggest that, just as the BR opts for the path of pure love,
and speaks from a point of view proper to it, so the GAD
chooses the path of wisdom. It picks up, as it were, the
way neglected by the earlier text, speaking, as did śamkara,
out of the rather different set of values belonging to the
samnyāsins to whom, like the SGB, it is primarily addressed.
Yet, unlike Samkara's work, it strives to show the relevance
of bhakti to the path of knowledge. If the BR can be said,
at least in part, to be recommending Advaita to the bhaktas,
the GAD is promoting the cause of bhakti among the
Advaitins.
