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Essay name: Bhakti-rasayana by Madhusudana Sarasvati

Author: Lance Edward Nelson
Affiliation: McMaster University / Religious Studies

This is a study and English translation of the Bhakti-rasayana by Madhusudana Sarasvati (16th century)—one of the greatest and most vigorous exponents of Advaita after Shankara-Acharya who was also a great devotee of Krishna. The Bhaktirasayana attempts to merge non-dualist metaphysics with the ecstatic devotion of the Bhagavata Purana, by asserting that Bhakti is the highest goal of life and by arguinng that Bhakti embodies God within the devotee's mind.

Page 324 of: Bhakti-rasayana by Madhusudana Sarasvati

Page:

324 (of 553)


External source: Shodhganga (Repository of Indian theses)


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312
framework of Advaita, Madhusudana does not say. The
liberated devotee's continued enjoyment of devotional bliss
in a celestial realm such as brahmaloka could be imagined as
a sort of post-mortem extension of the jivanmukta state.
There is the difficulty, though, that in Advaita even
brahmaloka is a phenomenal, ultimately impermanent state,
the residents of which, as we have seen, attain absolute
liberation with the dissolution of that world at the end of
a cosmic age. Vaisnava theology avoids this problem by
positing a transphenomenal "abode" (dhāman) of God, a super-
celestial heaven 5 that is beyond māyā and therefore truly
eternal. To this divine abode the liberated soul can go to
enjoy eternal bhakti. Advaitins, however, cannot recognize
the possibility of such a transphenomenal realm; they can
admit nothing beyond māyā except Isvara and the pure,
formless Brahman. It therefore seems that, even if some
sort of postmortem existence is granted--as Śaṇkara actually
does allow for those enlightened beings to whom the Lord has
entrusted certain cosmic "offices" (adhikāra) 6--the
(²¹»å³ó¾±°ģÄå°ł²¹)6--³Ł³ó±š
jIvanmukta-devotee will eventually have to attain
videhamukti at the end of the world-age, and therewith lose
his experience of bhakti and be content with the mere bliss
of moksa. Thus, there is a serious difficulty in the idea
of bhakti as an eternal experience of the individual mukta.
If Madhusudana wants the notion of enjoying devotion

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