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Essay name: Bhakti-rasayana by Madhusudana Sarasvati

Author: Lance Edward Nelson
Affiliation: McMaster University / Religious Studies

This is a study and English translation of the Bhakti-rasayana by Madhusudana Sarasvati (16th century)—one of the greatest and most vigorous exponents of Advaita after Shankara-Acharya who was also a great devotee of Krishna. The Bhaktirasayana attempts to merge non-dualist metaphysics with the ecstatic devotion of the Bhagavata Purana, by asserting that Bhakti is the highest goal of life and by arguinng that Bhakti embodies God within the devotee's mind.

Page 228 of: Bhakti-rasayana by Madhusudana Sarasvati

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228 (of 553)


External source: Shodhganga (Repository of Indian theses)


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216
level of complexity and detail, particularly under the
influence of such writers as Rudrabhaáš­áš­a (tenth century) and
Bhoja (eleventh century). This made the rasaśāstra even
45 more ideally suited to the needs of the Gosvāmins, who were
especially concerned with explicating the nuances of the
ecstatic love-relationship of Kṛṣṇa and the gopis.46
From what has been said about rasa-theory thus far,
the reader will have noticed that it is not elaborated from
the viewpoint of the artist or poet and his act of creation.
Rather, the chief focus of study is the sentiment
�
47 experienced by the individual involved in appreciating the
emotions portrayed in the work of art, i.e., the spectator
(sāmājika) or connoisseur (rasika) When the theory is
applied to bhakti, the devotee takes the place of the*
artistic connoisseur, and the center of discussion becomes
(1) his or her enjoyment of the bliss of devotion and (2)
the process of interaction with the drama, in this case the
story of Kṛṣṇa's life and exploits, by which this experience
is elicited.
The question of the actual locus of rasa is one of
the first that must be dealt with. The Vaisnava theologians
point out that there is disagreement among the orthodox
rhetoricians on this problem. While some hold that the
sentiment exists in the original hero and heroine depicted
in the drama and impersonated by the actors, others locate

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