Essay name: Bhakti-rasayana by Madhusudana Sarasvati
Author:
Lance Edward Nelson
Affiliation: McMaster University / Religious Studies
This is a study and English translation of the Bhakti-rasayana by Madhusudana Sarasvati (16th century)—one of the greatest and most vigorous exponents of Advaita after Shankara-Acharya who was also a great devotee of Krishna. The Bhaktirasayana attempts to merge non-dualist metaphysics with the ecstatic devotion of the Bhagavata Purana, by asserting that Bhakti is the highest goal of life and by arguinng that Bhakti embodies God within the devotee's mind.
Page 181 of: Bhakti-rasayana by Madhusudana Sarasvati
181 (of 553)
External source: Shodhganga (Repository of Indian theses)
Download the PDF file of the original publication
169
example, gives a number of adjectives intended to reveal the
nature of the Blessed Lord, and the commentary explains each
of them in turn: "`Omnipresent' indicates that He pervades
all space, 'eternal' that He exists through all time, 'full'
means that since He is one without second He is the
substratum of the whole illusion of duality, and
'consciousness and bliss' indicates that He is the supreme
goal of life."33
Commentary on stanzas 11-13 gives, as has
already been mentioned, an Advaitin's argument in support of
the blissfulness of rasa in general and of bhaktirasa in
particular. Complete with quotations from the Upanisads and
the Brahmasūtras, a discussion of the two powers of māya,
and a brief exposition of the non-dualist theory of
knowledge, it reads like one of the author's more formal
metaphysical treatises. For purposes of this discussion,
Madhusüdana shifts abruptly from using the word bhagavat as
a designation of the highest principle to the use, instead,
of Brahman and caitanya ("Consciousness"). These terms are
employed interchangeably for each other, and for bhagavat as
well. This practice continues in section XXIII, where
Madhusūdana establishes that the form of the Lord is innate
in the mind. To provide authoritative support for his
argument, he cites a portion of Sureśvara's Sambandha-
vārttika that proves the innateness, not indeed of bhagavat,
but of the Self or ātman. A little later, quoting a well-
