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Then, when purity of mind has been attained, one should practice the eight-fold yoga. 32 By this yoga, the mind is made capable of a one-pointedness that is defined as a continuous series, uninterrupted like a flow of oil, of

241 identical cognitions of the Blessed Lord. As the Lord Himself declares: When he has become indifferent toward all undertakings and detached, the follower of yoga, his senses controlled, should make his mind steady by constant practice. is When the mind, which is unsteady and quick to wander, held, he should unwearyingly, by the proper means, bring it under the sway of the Self. 11.20.18-19 After this state is attained, the yoga of knowledge which is characterized by non-attachment to the body, It is this yoga senses, and so on becomes established. 33 that is described in the text of the glorious Bhagavad Gita that begins with the words "absence of pride, lack of deceit" and ends with the statement, "This is declared to be knowledge."34 The goal of this yoga of knowledge is devotion, as indicated in the following words of the Lord: One should meditate on the origin and passing away of all things, following the order of evolution and involution, as taught by the Samkhya system, until his mind becomes tranquil. 35 The mind of a man who has become averse worldly life and detached, who has see the truth of what has been taught, abandons its evil nature by continuous reflection on 36 such thoughts. 37 By yogic disciplines such as observance of moral restraints, by the science of logic, and by worship and meditation directed toward Me, not by any other 38 means, the mind may remember its proper object. 11.20.22-24

242 In this passage, the words "until the mind becomes tranquil' [11.20.22] indicate that the yoga of devotion alone is the goal of the yoga of knowledge because, without the yoga of devotion, there cannot be the proper tranquillity of mind. 39 The statement, "the mind 鈥� 鈥� 鈥� abandons evil" [11.20.23], refers to this yoga. 40 The phrases "by worship and meditation directed toward Me" [11.20.24] and "unswerving devotion to Me through yoga directed toward no other" [Bhagavad Gita 13.10] 41 mean "by the practice means to devotion 42 that are included in the yoga of knowledge.' Then, " 43 some rare soul of great fortune, through dedicated practice of the means to devotion, fixes his love, [previously] absorbed in external things, on the Blessed Lord alone. His mind turns away from all objects of sense, as the Lord Himself proclaims in the following verse: All the desires dear to the heart of one who constantly worships Me by the yoga of devotion that I have taught are extinguished, O Sage, once I am established in his heart. 11.20.29 The permanent emotion 44 known as love 45 is the form of the Blessed Lord, an immediate realization of the highest bliss. It is manifested as a sentiment 46 --by a combination 47 48 of the objective causes, the outward signs, and the associated transitory states 49--in a special modification of a mind 50 that has been melted by the hearing of compositions that bring together the wondrous qualities of the Lord and

has assumed His form. This mental modification is the aim of all religious disciplines. 243