Merkitys: Tama
Englanniksi: Tama
Huomaa: Alla olevat esimerkit ovat vain suuntaa antavia, eivätkä ne edusta suoraa käännöstä tai lainausta. Sinun vastuullasi on tarkistaa tosiasiat totuuden varalta.
Hindu käsite 'Tama'
Tamas, in the context of Hinduism, signifies darkness, ignorance, and inertia, representing a significant concept across various philosophical schools. In Vaishnavism, it's a state of gross ignorance that obscures divine attributes [1]. It can also refer to those who repeatedly make mistakes [2]. In the Puranas, Tamas is a primordial state before creation [3]. It is a Guna, or quality, leading to lethargy [4] and confusion [5]. This darkness binds the soul in Samsara [6] and can be a characteristic of hell [7] or a specific hell itself [8]. Tamas is linked to Shiva's destructive power and the end of a Kalpa . It hinders spiritual awakening and represents the cause of cosmic destruction . This darkness can dominate the Kali Yuga and influence the mind and actions . In Yoga, Tamas embodies inertia and ignorance [9].
In Vyakarana, it is associated with night . In Vedanta, it's nescience, an obstacle to liberation [10] and the state experienced in dreamless sleep [11]. Shaivism also considers it one of the three gunas . In Dharmashastra, Tamas is a quality associated with confusion [12]. The quality of darkness is a prevalent concept in the Puranas and is also seen in the Dvapara Yuga [13]. Tamas is a complex concept, illustrating the multifaceted nature of ignorance and inertia in Hindu philosophy [14]. It can be seen in how it affects the mind [15] and actions .
Tama käsite paikallisissa ja alueellisissa lähteissä
The concept of Tama in Finnish history, draws parallels with the Indian philosophical concept of 'Tamas'. It embodies a state of primal ignorance akin to the mariner's initial act [16]. This state is associated with darkness and inertia, representing a lower level of existence, as depicted in the poem [17].
Tama is a psychic factor, similar to the Freudian 'id' [18]. It is a state marked by ignorance and despondency [19].
Tama käsite tieteellisissä lähteissä
Tamas, in a scientific context, signifies darkness and inertia, potentially leading to mental dullness . It can manifest as depression, especially in pregnant women, when this quality increases .
This quality of darkness and lethargy is integral to Prakriti, based on elemental composition . It's one of Ayurveda's three Gunas, affecting consciousness .
Furthermore, Tamas represents inertia, ignorance, and confusion within the mind . It can be a clinical manifestation of malnourishment . This state also refers to confusion or mental impairment stemming from Jwara's effects .
If Tamas dominates, it can contribute to confusion and derangement of the intellect .
Lähteet ja viitteet lisälukemista varten
Yllä oleva luettelo perustuu useisiin (englanninkielisiin) artikkeleihin buddhalaisuudesta, hindulaisuudesta, jainismista, historiasta ja muista henkisistä perinteistä. Käytetyt lähteet ja lisätietoja siitä, mitä “Tama� symboloi, löytyy alta:
-) Sri Krishna-Chaitanya door Nisikanta Sanyal: ^(1)
-) Tiruvaymoli (Thiruvaimozhi): English translation door S. Satyamurthi Ayyangar: ^(2)
-) Mahabharata (English) door Kisari Mohan Ganguli: ^(3)
-) Devi Bhagavata Purana door Swami Vijñanananda: ^(4)
-) Garuda Purana door Manmatha Nath Dutt: ^(5), ^(8)
-) Laghu-yoga-vasistha door K. Narayanasvami Aiyar: ^(6)
-) Markandeya Purana door Frederick Eden Pargiter: ^(7)
-) Yoga-sutras (Vedanta Commentaries): ^(9)
-) Taittiriya Upanishad door A. Mahadeva Sastri: ^(10)
-) Thirty minor Upanishads door K. Narayanasvami Aiyar: ^(11)
-) Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi door Ganganatha Jha: ^(12)
-) Brihaddharma Purana (abridged) door Syama Charan Banerji: ^(13)
-) Vakyapadiya of Bhartrihari door K. A. Subramania Iyer: ^(14)
-) Bhagavad-gita-rahasya (or Karma-yoga Shastra) door Bhalchandra Sitaram Sukthankar: ^(15)